purpose:  to evaluate the significance of the presence of pigment granules in  the anterior  vitreous as a reliable indicator of retinal breaks in patients with acute symptomatic posterior vitreous detachment  (pvd) . methods: this cross sectional study included 209 phakic patients with acute symptomatic pvd. the patients underwent anterior vitreous examination and fundoscopy. patients with dia...

The legitimacy of virtual currencies as an alternative form monetary exchange has been the centre ongoing heated debated since catastrophic global financial meltdown 2007–2008. Our study tests informational market efficiency cryptomarkets by investigating weak-form top-five cryptocurrencies using random walk testing procedures which are robust to asymmetries and unobserved smooth structural bre...

This paper presents a new technic to improve resolution and direction of arrival (DOA) estimation of two closed source, in array processing, when only few samples of received signal are available. In these conditions, the detection of sources (targets) is more arduous, and even breaks down. To overcome these problems, a new algorithm is proposed. It combines spatial smooth method to widen the s...

Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is an enzyme that belongs to a large family of cyclic nucleotide PDEs that catalyze cAMP and cGMP. cAMP and cGMP are 2 essential intracellular second messengers regulating many different cellular functions of living cells. PDE5 specifically breaks down the substrate cGMP. Inhibition of PDE5 increases intracellular cGMP levels by inhibiting its degradation. Silden...

We present Laguerre Voronoi based subdivision algorithms for the quadrilateral and hexahedral meshing of particle systems within a bounded region in two and three dimensions, respectively. Particles are smooth functions over circular or spherical domains. The algorithm first breaks the bounded region containing the particles into Voronoi cells that are then subsequently decomposed into an initi...

This study re-examines the validity of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) by focusing on the real effective exchange rates (REERs) for the post-Bretton Woods period, using newly developed unit root tests that account for both nonlinearity and smooth temporary multiple breaks in the data. The tests are applied to the REERs of 23 developed countries and are able to reject the null hypothesis of a unit...

Coalescent theory has provided a basis for evolutionary biologists to build sophisticated methods for inferring population history from variation in genetic markers, but these methods leave out a major conceptual cornerstone of modern evolutionary theory: natural selection. I provide the first quantitative analysis of the effects of selection on genealogical patterns in a continuously distribut...

This paper attempts to shed light on the puzzling finding that the results of applying the conventional or nonlinear unit root tests to the yen real exchange rates (RERs) in some recent studies appear to be rather sensitive to whether or not including the data of recent decade in the studies. It is found that this sensitivity of the test results may come from the failure to take into account th...

Propranolol (PL), a non-selective beta-blocker, is a cardiovascular drug widely used to treat hypertension. The present study was concerned with assessing the cytogenetic effects of this drug on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line. MTT assay was then carried out to determine the cytotoxicity index (IC50) of the drug. The IC50 value of PL was 0.43±0.02 mM. To investigate the clastogenic effect...

The notion of smooth biproximity space  where $delta_1,delta_2$ are gradation proximities defined by Ghanim et al. [10]. In this paper, we show every smooth biproximity space $(X,delta_1,delta_2)$ induces a supra smooth proximity space $delta_{12}$ finer than $delta_1$ and $delta_2$. We study the relationship between $(X,delta_{12})$ and the $FP^*$-separation axioms which had been introduced by...