Too often, the examination of the work of a major intellectual figure occurs in an historical vacuum. History has two meanings. One sense is obviously that of the social, political, and economic context within which a specific theoretical development takes place. Would Keynes have written The General Theory had England not suffered economic difficulties following World War I and had the capital...

background: foreign immigrants form the part of the population of each country. among the foreign immigrant population in iran, the share of immigrants and nationals from afghanistan is very noticeable. one of the factors that affect this people's physical and mental health is social support. this study aimed to investigate the status of social support and its effective factors on afghan immigr...

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death and disability in both developed and developing countries. In developed countries socio-economic mortality differentials have been studied extensively showing that the low socio-economic group suffers the highest mortality. As the epidemiological transition is taking place against a background of economic globalization, CVD risk facto...

Behavioural economics highlights the role of social preferences in economic decisions. Further, populations are heterogeneous, suggesting that the composition of social preference types within a group may impact the ability to sustain voluntary public goods contributions. We conduct agent-based simulations of contributions in a public goods game, varying group composition and the weight individ...

Basic research is a public good, for which social returns may greatly exceed private ones. This paper develops an economic framework for evaluating the social benefits of medical research. We begin with a model of the economic value of health and life expectancy, which we apply to US data on overall and disease-specific mortality rates. We calculate (i) the social value of increased longevity t...

Developers and governments around the world are struggling to achieve socially sustainable neighbourhood communities in master-planned residential developments. This paper discusses research in progress that seeks to conceptualise the organic development of community in these sites as ‘communicative ecologies’. Focusing on the network qualities of social interaction in communities of place, the...

Background:Environment destroyed and reduce the living place especially in urban place  become an important mater these days ,improving environment need a lot of think together like economic, realigns and environment  changes ,urban tourism is one of the most  important and complicate behavior in town. Objective: In researchers look tourism have a large effect on economic, realign and social be...

Background:Environment destroyed and reduce the living place especially in urban place  become an important mater these days ,improving environment need a lot of think together like economic, realigns and environment  changes ,urban tourism is one of the most  important and complicate behavior in town. Objective: In researchers look tourism have a large effect on economic, realign and social be...

There is no definition of globalization in a form universally accepted and perhaps not even final one. The reason is that globalization includes a multitude of complex processes, reaching different areas of society. It can be a phenomenon, an ideology, a strategy or all together. One thing is certain: globalization raises an endless polemic, progressing continuously and irreversibly generate ma...

Social networks can be organized into communities of closely connected nodes, a property known as modularity. Because diseases, information, and behaviors spread faster within communities than between communities, understanding modularity has broad implications for public policy, epidemiology and the social sciences. Explanations for community formation in social networks often incorporate the ...