various criteria are involved impacting trend of art and literature in a society. socio-political infrastructure and changes within it are of the parameters affecting literature in a society. in 19th century in iran, literature and poetry in particular was reformed fundamentally under impact of socio political structure. courtier poetry was replaced by practical protest one to achieve this whil...

There is a growing literature on health seeking behaviours and the determinants of health services utilization especially in the context of developing countries. However, very few focused studies have been seen in Pakistan in this regard. This paper presents an extensive literature review of the situation in developing countries and relates the similar factors responsible for shaping up of a he...

in the abbasid era, chieftainship (niqābat) was a politico-religious institution with social functions. since the early periods of the samanids era, the alavids’ chieftainship in nayshābūr, capital of khurāsān, had been turned over to the ḥusaynī alavids of banū zubāra, but amīr nūḥ b. manṣūr sāmānī (ruled 366-378) handed over this post to a ḥasanī alavid, whose descendants became the hereditar...

This article explores the advantages of covenant-keeping among the Yoruba people using them as models to be emulated in the contemporary Nigerian society. It aims at using the findings as a leverage to address the evils of corruption, abuse of office, oppression and money laundering prevalent in the country. A quick reflection on the socio-political and economic scenes in Nigeria shows a situat...

This paper argues that current efforts to study and advocate for a change in energy technologies to reduce their climate and other environmental impacts often ignore the political, social, and bodily implications of energy technology choices. Framing renewable energy technologies exclusively in terms of their environmental benefits dismisses important questions about how energy infrastructures ...

Despite the ubiquity of conflict, it is not inevitable. In any given dispute, other outcomes are possible. Why then does conflict grip us repeatedly despite the horrors that war veterans, movies, television, and history books promise? Undoubtedly, many factors specific to the time and place of a conflict are ultimately responsible for its occurrence. Here we explore one factor that may contribu...

South Africa has been described as a melting pot of different cultures, adding to the rich South African heritage, boasting eleven official languages. This cultural diversity, however, poses quite a unique challenge for designers of software, especially in the design of e-commerce websites. This paper describes an experiment with the net-generation and the effects of culture on users’ perceptio...

In an effort to evaluate socio-political instability, we studied the relationship between dynamic order, socio-political upheavals and sustainability in nation states. Estimating the degree of dynamic order inherent in the socio-political regime of various countries throughout theworld involved applying Fisher information theory to data from the Political Instability Task Force database. Fisher...

One of the aims of spatial political management is to increase access to social and economic services to all residents in an area in order to enhance their satisfaction. There is a great space in the action that has a broad scope.  If the spatial political organization implemented in a country is unable to organize such services in a condensed manner, it will face reduced efficiency and la...