The sodium flux ratio across the axolemma of internally perfused, voltage-clamped giant axons of Loligo pealei has been measured at various membrane potentials. The flux ratio exponent obtained from these measurements was about unity and independent of membrane voltage over the 50 mV range from about -20 to ł mV. These results, combined with previous measurements of ion permeation through sodiu...

The bottleneck in the implementation of hybrid lithium-sodium-ion batteries is lack anode materials with a desired rate capability. Herein, we provide an in-depth examination Li-storage performance sodium titanate nanowires as negative electrodes Li,Na-ion batteries. Titanate were prepared by simple and reproducible hydrothermal method. At low reaction pressure, well-isolated are formed, while ...

After a 20 min initial washout, the rate of loss of radioactively labeled sodium ions from sodium-enriched muscle cells is sensitive to the external sodium and potassium ion concentrations. In the absence of external potassium ions, the presence of external sodium ions increases the sodium efflux. In the presence of external potassium ions, the presence of external sodium ions decreases the sod...

Electron probe x-ray microanalysis of the composition of rabbit portal anterior mesenteric vein smooth muscle was performed following sodium loading and washout into sodium-free lithium solutions. Sodium and lithium were also measured with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Cellular uptake of sodium and loss of potassium during sodium loading were much faster at high (37 degrees C) than at lo...

O u r purpose in this paper is to present some experimental findings that have a bear ing on the t ransport of sodium a nd potassium across the m e m b r a n e of the squid giant axon. As in a variety of cellular types that actively t ranspor t sodium ions, a marked drop in the efflux of sodium ions from squid g iant axons occurs when potassium ions are removed from the external solution (Caldw...

A method has been developed for determination of sodium concentration (activity) in urine using a glass electrode designed to be especially sensitive to sodium ion activity. The urine is diluted 2:20 with Tris buffer (pH 8.0) and sodium activity measured by dipping a sodium electrode and calomel reference electrode in the diluted specimen and obtaining a millivolt reading with a sensitive pH me...

Between the sheets: Sodium-ion batteries are an attractive, low-cost alternative to lithium-ion batteries. Nitrogen-doped porous carbon sheets are prepared by chemical activation of polypyrrole-functionalized graphene sheets. When using the sheets as anode material in sodium-ion batteries, their unique compositional and structural features result in high reversible capacity, good cycling stabil...

Building on work of Tyagi (2005), we present expressions for calculating the corner ion, edge-center ion, and face-center ion Madelung constants for bulk sodium chloride crystals. In [1], Crandall gives a historical overview of attempts to evaluate the Madelung constant for bulk ionic crystals. For sodium chloride he gave an expression for this in terms of the following series.