Low dialysate sodium concentrations have been associated with intradialytic symptoms such as muscle cramps and hypotensive episodes. High dialysate sodium concentrations lead to sodium loading, thirst and subsequent increase in interdialytic weight gain and hypertension. The optimal dialysate sodium concentration for an individual depends on the serum sodium concentration. The difference betwee...

Low dialysate sodium concentrations have been associated with intradialytic symptoms such as muscle cramps and hypotensive episodes. High dialysate sodium concentrations lead to sodium loading, thirst and subsequent increase in interdialytic weight gain and hypertension. The optimal dialysate sodium concentration for an individual depends on the serum sodium concentration. The difference betwee...

Recently we reported a cytoplasmic sodium overload to cause a severe osmotic oedema in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Our results suggested that this dual overload of sodium ions and water precedes the dystrophic process and persists until fatty muscle degeneration is complete. The present paper addresses the questions as to whether these overloads are important for the pathogenesis of the ...

Potassium sodium silver tetra-niobium nona-oxide arsenate, K(0.12)Na(0.54)Ag(0.34)Nb(4)AsO(13), synthesized by solid-state reaction at 1123 K, adopts a three-dimensional framework delimiting tunnels running along [001] in which occupationally disordered sodium, silver, and potassium ions are located. Of the 11 atoms in the asymmetric unit (two Nb, one As, one Ag, one K, one Na and fiveO), nine ...

BACKGROUND Microbial biofilms form on central venous catheters and may be associated with systemic infections as well as decreased dialysis efficiency due to catheter thrombosis. The most widely used anticoagulant catheter lock solution in the US is sodium heparin. We have previously shown that sodium heparin in clinically relevant concentrations enhances Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation...

The title compound, sodium dioxidomolybdenum(VI) arsenate(V), β-NaMoO(2)AsO(4), was prepared by solid-state reaction at 953 K. In the crystal structure, the AsO(4) tetra-hedra and MoO(6) octa-hedra (both with m symmetry) share corner atoms to form a three-dimensional framework that delimits cavities parallel to [010] where disordered six-coordinated sodium cations (half-occupation) are located....

The title compound, Na(+)·C(7)H(7)O(2)S(-)·4H(2)O, is the hydrate of the sodium salt of para-toluene-sulfinic acid. The mol-ecular geometry around the sulfur atom is tetra-hedral with X-S-Y angles spanning a range of 102.23 (6)-110.04 (6)°. In the crystal, the water mol-ecules connect the sodium cations into chains along the b axis via O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. An inter-molecular O-H⋯π inter-action...

In the kidney, a high salt intake favors oxidative stress and hypoxia and causes the development of fibrosis. Both atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF-1α) exert cytoprotective effects. We tested the hypothesis that renal expression of ANP and HIF-1α is involved in a mechanism responding to the oxidative stress produced in the kidneys of rats chronically fed a high...

BACKGROUND Patients with chronic iron overload may develop a cardiomyopathy manifested by ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure. We hypothesized that iron-loaded cardiomyocytes may have abnormal excitability. METHODS AND RESULTS We examined a new model of human iron overload, the Mongolian gerbil given repeated injections of iron dextran. In ventricular myocytes, we measured iron concentr...