This study investigates the relative effect of soft tissue properties on the overall response of a human spinal motion segment using an osseo-ligamentous FE model of the Visible Man L3-L4 intervertebral joint. Model geometry was obtained from the Visible Man CT dataset using custom built image processing software. Non-linear soft tissue properties were obtained from the literature. Displacement...

This paper describes the use of weighted linked pyramid algorithms to achieve soft segmentation of images. A fundamental problem of region segmentation is that for many images no unique, correct region boundaries can be determined. In this situation the normal desire for a deenitive crisp segmentation may be unreasonable. It is proposed that soft segmentation is a more natural way to segment di...

In the present study we describe the synthesis, wet spinning, mechanical testing, and degradation of poly(urethane urea)s (PUURs) intended for clinical use in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. The effects of soft segment chemical composition and molar mass and the kind of diamine chain extender on the material properties were investigated. It was found that the fibers made of PUU...

This paper evaluates the role of minor component polybenzoxazine (PB) on shape-memory properties of polyurethanes (PU) with glassy and crystalline soft segments. The polymer compounds were prepared in two steps. In the first step, benzoxazine, polyurethane pre-polymer, and chain extender butanediol (BD) were mixed into a solution followed by chain-extension of the pre-polymer with BD. In the se...

A new mathematical modeling technique known as soft computing is showing promise in modeling complex human behaviors. This paper will discuss the theoretical concepts of a soft computing technique, neurofuzzy systems. This technique has direct application to behavioral modeling of synthetic forces. Furthermore, the paper will present a specific experiment and modeling of the human operator’s be...

Movement of skin markers with respect to their underlying bone (i.e. soft tissue artifacts (STAs)) might corrupt the accuracy marker-based movement analyses. This study aims quantify STAs in 3D for foot and effect on multi-segment kinematics as calculated by Oxford Rizzoli Foot Models (OFM, RFM). Fifteen subjects asymptomatic feet were seated a custom-made loading device computed tomography (CT...

Pneumatic soft robots outperform rigid in complex environments due to the high flexibility of their redundant configurations, and shape control is considered a prerequisite for applications unstructured environments. In this paper, we propose depth vision-based method two-segment robot, which uses binocular camera achieve 3D robot. A closed-loop algorithm based on vision designed compensation w...

In physics, objects can be divided into rigid and soft objects according to the object deformation capacity. Similarly, geo-object can also be classified into rigid geo-objects (e.g., building, urban) and soft geo-objects (e.g., mudflow, water, soil erosion). There are three types of approaches for 3D GIS modeling, i.e., surface-based, volume-based, and hybrids in terms of geometry. These appro...