Calcium hydroxyapatite (HAp) is the main inorganic component of natural bones. In this review, the crystal structure and fabrication methods of HAp were first introduced; then the synthesis and applications of metal-ion-doped HAp nanoparticles were mainly reviewed. HAp was usually synthesized through solid state reaction and wet chemical precipitation, of which the properties depended on the fa...

the main objective of this study was to investigate biocompatibility and provide in vivo pharmacological and toxicological evidence for further investigation of the possibility of ph sensitive ion exchange resin microsphere for clinical utilizations. acute toxicity study and general pharmacological studies were conducted on the ph sensitive ion exchange resin microsphere we prepared. the genera...

Generally, unit operation processes that are used in environmental engineering are in‐ volved in interfacial reaction where mass transfer is an extremely essential component for system optimization. The purposes of this chapter were intended to provide the informa‐ tion of both theoretical model development and engineering practice for mass transfer of important processes in environmental engin...

Applications of second-order kinetic models to adsorption systems were reviewed. An overview of second-order kinetic expressions is described in this paper based on the solid adsorption capacity. An early empirical second-order equation was applied in the adsorption of gases onto a solid. A similar second-order equation was applied to describe ion exchange reactions. In recent years, a pseudo-s...

Micro/mesoporous Zn(2)GeO(4) with crystalline pore-walls was successfully synthesized via a simple ion exchange method at room temperature. This structure showed enhanced activity in photoreduction of CO(2) in comparison with Zn(2)GeO(4) prepared by a solid state reaction.

The layered perovskite HLaTiO(4) reacts stoichiometrically with LiOH.H(2)O at room temperature to give targeted compositions in the series H(x)Li(1-x)LaTiO(4). Remarkably, the Li(+) and H(+) ions are quantitatively exchanged in the solid state and this allows stoichiometric control of ion exchange for the first time in this important series of compounds.

Ammonium ions wastewater pollution has become one of the most serious environmental problems today. The treatment of ammonium ions is a special concern due to their recalcitrance and persistence in the environment. In recent years, various methods for ammonium ion removal from wastewater have been extensively studied. This paper reviews the current methods that have been used to treat ammonium ...