A spectrophotometric method is used to determine the acidity constants of some derivatives of 9,10-anthraquinone in binary methanol-water mixtures at 25 °C. There is a linear inverse relationship between pKa of all acids and the mole fraction of methanol in the mixed solvent. The influence of substituents in the molecular structure on the ionization constants is discussed.  

The contribution of solvent-solvent hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions to the attraction between methane molecules in water was investigated by comparing the potential of mean force (PMF) between two methane molecules in TIP4P water to those in a series of related liquids in which the solvent-solvent interactions were progressively turned off while keeping the solvent-solute intera...

A set of general questions about the thermodynamics of ionic processes in non—aqueous solutions and their dependence on composition and external conditions is discussed; thermodynamic approaches for ascertaining the role of a solvent, thermodynamic characteristics of solvation, methods of definition of standard thermodynamic characteristics, properties of non— aqueous solutions at lowered tempe...

We have studied the effect of weak solute-solvent attractions on the solvation of nonpolar molecules in water at ambient conditions using an extension and improved parameterization of the theory of solvation due to Lum, Chandler, and Weeks [J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 4570]. With a reasonable strength of alkanewater interactions, an accurate prediction of the alkane-water interfacial tension is...

The influence of a polar and polarizable environment on charge transfer processes at a conical intersection (CI) can be described by a diabatic free energy model yielding coupled surfaces as a function of both molecular coordinates and a solvent coordinate. We extend and apply this model for the S1-S0 CI in protonated Schiff bases, representing a model for retinal isomerization (Faraday Discuss...

The second-order rate constant (k2) for the esterification of methoxyacetic acid with benzyl alcohol is reported in a range of ionic and molecular solvents. The solvent effects on esterification rate are examined by using a linear solvation energy relationship based on the Kamlet-Taft solvent scales (alpha, beta, and pi*). It is shown that the hydrogen bond basicity of the solvent is the domina...

Bamboo timber is very vulnerable to mould fungi, a characteristic that is attributed to the rich sugar, starch, and protein present in bamboo. Solvents including cold water, hot water, benzene/ethanol, ethanol/ether, 1% NaOH, and 1% HCl can dissolve corresponding components from bamboo, which might be helpful to the resistance of bamboo against mould fungi. In order to study the relationship be...

A simple experimental model was used to study the influence of organic solvents and solvent mixtures on the integrity of biological membranes. Radiolabelled membranes were prepared biosynthetically by growing Escherichia coli in the presence of 14C-oleic acid; the bulk of the radioactivity was incorporated into 14C-phosphatidylethanolamine, the predominant phospholipid species in E coli membran...

The oil content of the wax produced in a dewaxing process is the key economic parameter that should be reduced as much as possible. Some factors such as the type of solvents, cooling rate, temperature, and solvent to oil ratio influence the dewaxing process. Due to the fact that crude oil differs from place to place and since the operational conditions for wax extraction vary for different type...

The solvent plays an important role in a given chemical reaction. Since most reaction in nature occur in the mixed-solvent systems, a comprehensive principle for solvent optimization was required. By calculating the Hansen solubility parameters (HSP) distance Ra, we designed a model experiment to explore the influence of mixed solvents on the chemical synthesis. The synthesis of polydopamine (P...