In the first of several articles on refusal of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in this issue of the Journal of Medical Ethics, an American ethicist refutes the contention that it is morally appropriate to respect the irrational decision of a competent, depressed patient to refuse ECT. He argues that, when the likelihood of benefit is great and the only alternative is prolonged suffering, the p...

the decline of attention to the facade of modernity and the inclination toward spirituality and theism in the third millennium is the evidence of human natural tendency toward spirituality, theism, and faith. this is, also, to some extent connected to discussions of identity and semantics in organizations. this paper tries to review the works of researchers on spirituality and theism along with...

The Economic Freedom of the World (EFW) index is extensively used in academic research to show how economic freedom relates to a wide array of economic and social outcomes. Given this, it is important that researchers understand the goal of the index and how to properly utilize this index in their research. There seem to be several common misconceptions about the EFW index resulting from a simp...

The last decade has been marked by the rapid development of International private law within framework globalization and unification norms. Therefore, in international community, issue interethnic application harmonization rules norms for individual emerging legal relations becomes acute. This article examines regulation cross-border bankruptcy entities. In particular, author provides a number ...