A comparative study among different pretreatment methods used for the fractionation of the birch outer bark components, including steam explosion, hydrothermal and organosolv treatments based on the use of ethanol/water media, is reported. The residual solid fractions have been characterized by ATR-FTIR, (13)C-solid-state NMR and morphological alterations after pretreatment were detected by sca...

An experiment evaluated the effects of six corn processing methods in feedlot diets containing 30% (DM basis) wet distillers grains plus solubles (WDGS). Treatments consisted of whole corn, dry-rolled corn, a dry-rolled/ high-moisture corn mix, high-moisture corn, steam flaked corn, and fine ground corn. The ADG was highest for steers receiving dry-rolled corn, high-moisture corn, or a 50:50 bl...

The main goal of the investigation was to measure and estimate thermal stability pinosylvin, pinosylvin monomethyl ether, robinetin, dihydrorobinetin, i.e., characteristic compounds wood Scots pine black locust, respectively. pure were analyzed with chromatography before after they steam-sterilized oven-dried. Detailed thermogravimetric analysis followed check decomposition stilbenes flavonoids...

The objective of this study was to assess the limonene removal efficiency of three pre-treatment methods when applied to citrus waste and to evaluate their effects on the biochemical methane potential and the methane production rate using batch anaerobic tests. The methods tested were based on removal (biological pretreatment by fungi) or recovery (steam distillation and ethanol extraction) of ...

d;r, _:0 films by thermal treatments in steam. Thermal oxides were grown on silicon to a t ,ickntss of 260 nm in dry 02 and were subsequently treated in steam at temperatures of 320 and 500"C for periods lasting between 390 and 6 X 10' s. The concentrations of hydrogen carried in by permeating water were then profiled with 6.4 MeV "N ions using the resonant nuclear reaction 'H(1N, ay)"C. Water ...

A CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) benchmark calculation for a steam blowdown test was performed for 30 seconds to develop the methodology for a numerical analysis of the thermal mixing between steam and subcooled water and to apply it to APR1400 (Advanced Power Reactor 1400MWe). In the CFD analysis, the steam condensation phenomenon by a direct contact was simulated by the so-called condensa...

In this study, the modeling of hydrogen production process in microreactors by methanol-steam reforming reaction is investigated. The catalytic reaction of methanol-steam reforming producing hydrogen is simulated considering a 3D geometry for the microreactor. To calculate diffusion among species, mixture average correlations are compared to Stephan-Maxwell equations. The reactions occurring in...

A dramatic decrease in the ratio of chloride to boron was observed in the liquid discharge of a well proposed for EGS development in the Coso geothermal field. The decrease appears to be related to the transformation of some feed zones in the well from liquid-dominated to vapor-dominated. High concentrations of boron are transported to the wellbore in the steam, where it fractionates to the liq...