The transfer of Hypermedia features to audio in an audio-visual environment is discussed, introducing sonic hyperlinks. Sonic hyperlinks are links annotated using sound within an audio stream that lead to arbitrary multimedia content. As an example application, sonic hyperlinks have been integrated in interactive Web-TV which is broadcasted via the Internet. A system architecture and implementa...

An axisymmetric full Navier-Stokes computational fluid dynamics study is conducted to examine nozzle exhaust jet plume effects on the sonic boom signature of a supersonic aircraft. A simplified axisymmetric nozzle geometry, representative of the nozzle on the NASA Dryden NF-15B Lift and Nozzle Change Effects on Tail Shock research airplane, is considered. The computational fluid dynamics code i...

The problem of kink stability of isothermal spherical self-similar flow in newtonian gravity is revisited. Using distribution theory we first develop a general formula of perturbations, linear or non-linear, which consists of three sets of differential equations, one in each side of the sonic line and the other along it. By solving the equations along the sonic line we find explicitly the spect...

Fish sonic swimbladder muscles are the fastest muscles in vertebrates and have fibers with numerous biochemical and structural adaptations for speed. Carapid fishes produce sounds with a complex swimbladder mechanism, including skeletal components and extrinsic sonic muscle fibers with an exceptional helical myofibrillar structure. To study this system we stimulated the sonic muscles, described...

Erythropoietin reportedly has beneficial effects on the heart after myocardial infarction, but the underlying mechanisms of these effects are unknown. We here demonstrate that sonic hedgehog is a critical mediator of erythropoietin-induced cardioprotection in mice. Treatment of mice with erythropoietin inhibited left ventricular remodeling and improved cardiac function after myocardial infarcti...

Ventral cell fates in the central nervous system are induced by Sonic hedgehog, a homolog ofhedgehog, a secreted Drosophila protein. In the central nervous system, Sonic hedgehog has been identified as the signal inducing floor plate, motor neurons, and dopaminergic neurons. Sonic hedgehog is also involved in the induction of ventral cell type in the developing somites. ptc is a key gene in the...

conclusions our results indicate that changes in muscle thickness and echo intensity are induced by different inward pressures of the transducer during us. when using a technique that involves a handheld transducer, the examiner should attempt to maintain consistent inward pressure of the transducer during us, to quantify the minimal change of the rf mass and composition. results muscle thickne...