a simple highly versatile and efficient sonochemical synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted and 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles is achieved by condensation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compound, aldehyde, ammonium acetate and primary amine using antimony trichloride immobilized on silica gel (sio2-osbcl2) as a catalyst in ethanol at moderate temperature. operational simplicity, practicability and applicabi...

Banana blossom is a source of anthocyanin that potentially utilized as natural dyes in the food industry. Anthocyanin from banana can be extracted using Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) and maceration method. ultrasonic causes cavitation effect thereby provide an efficiency extraction time if compared with This study aimed to determine duration sonication treatment on total extract. Experim...

PURPOSE We evaluated the delivery efficiency of intravenously injected large molecular agents, before and after disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB-D), induced by focused ultrasound (FUS) using various acoustic parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intravenously with Evans blue (EB) before or after BBB-D induction by pulsed FUS. We used a 1.0 MHz puls...

Isolated murein sacculi of Escherichia coli PA3092 were physically ruptured by sonication. Electron microscopical analysis showed that the rupturing occurred preferentially prependicular to the long axis of the cell. The fragmentation of the sacculi increased with longer sonication times. It was found that the extent of cross-linkage was more affected by the sonication than was the average glyc...

Microalgae are a promising feedstock for biofuels because of their capability to produce lipids. Cell disruption is necessary to maximize lipid extraction. Sonication conditions were evaluated for breaking heterotrophic (Schizochytrium limacinum) and autotrophic (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) microalgae cells. Cell disruption was estimated by Nile red-lipids fluorescence quantification in S. limac...

This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effects of blanching and sonication on carrot juice quality. Carrots were blanched at 100 °C for 4 min in normal and acidified water. Juice was extracted and sonicated at 15 °C for 2 min keeping pulse duration 5 s on and 5 s off (70% amplitude level and 20 kHz frequency). No significant effect of blanching and sonication was observed on Brix, pH...

Microsized aerogels were prepared from epoxidized natural rubber (ENR)/polyvinyl chloride (PVC) matrix blend using the solvent exchange method and dropping technique with sonication. Some parameters were manipulated in order to observe its effects on resultant aerogels. Parameter studied were ENR/PVC solution viscosity, ratio of ENR/PVC solution to EtOH/H 2 O solution and sonication time.It was...

An efficient Agrobacterium-mediate transformation method was developed by employing different duration of sonication, Agrobacterium strains, type of inoculation medium and concentrations of acetosyringone in Arya cultivar of wheat. Immature embryos were used as an explant for inoculation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring the recombinant pBI121 plasmid. Among the durations of sonication t...

INTRODUCTION Much attention has been paid to the idea of cell therapy using stem cells from different sources of the body. Fat-derived stem cells that are called adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) from stromal vascular fraction (SVF) are the subject of many studies in several cell therapy clinical trials. Despite production of some GMP-grade enzymes to isolate SVF for clinical trials, there are...