the main objective of this study was to reveal the impact of nine climate indices on temperature changes and climate oscillations in golestan province along the southern coast of the caspian sea. climate indices data from across the atlantic-eurasian sector were collected from the ncep/ncar, the climate prediction centre (cpc) and the climatic research unit (cru) over a period of 40 years (1971...

Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) is a remarkable genus of miniaturized frogs of the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest. Many of its species are highly endemic to cloud forests, being found only on one or a few mountaintops. Such level of microendemism might be caused by their climatic tolerance to a narrow set of environmental conditions found only in montane regions. This restriction severe...

Using national crop and livestock production records from 1961-2003 and satellite-derived data on pasture greenness from 1982-2003 we show that the productivity of crops, livestock, and pastures in Africa is predictably associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation. The causal relations of these results are partly understandable through the associations bet...

The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the variability in the Pacific subtropical highs (PSHs) have major impacts on social and ecological systems. Here we present an Atlantic capacitor effect mechanism to suggest that the Atlantic is a key pacemaker of the biennial variability in the Pacific including that in ENSO and the PSHs during recent decades. The 'charging' (that is, ENSO imprintin...

The effect of the position of the Southern Hemisphere subpolar westerly winds (SWWs) on the thermohaline circulation (THC) of the World Ocean is examined. The latitudes of zero wind stress curl position exert a strong control on the distribution of overturning between basins in the Northern Hemisphere. A southward wind shift results in a stronger Atlantic THC and enhanced stratification in the ...

Distribution Th e Atlantic halibut is distributed throughout the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean and in parts of the Arctic Ocean (Fig.1) (1). Th e species is particularly abundant along the Norwegian coast, the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and southern Greenland. It may also be encountered in the North Sea and the western part of the Baltic Sea. Along the east coast of North America, the halibu...

A detailed record of benthic foraminifera carbon isotopes from the intermediate-depth South East Atlantic margin shows little glacial-interglacial variability between MIS-12 to MIS-10, suggesting that Northern Atlantic deepwaters consistently penetrated to at least 30 S. Millennialscale increases in either the mass or flux of northern-sourced deepwaters over the core site occurred alongside red...

During the Northern hemisphere winter season, biomass burning is widespread in West Africa, yet the total tropospheric column ozone values (<30 DU) over much of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean (15 N–5 S) are relatively low. At the same time, the tropospheric column ozone values in the Southern Tropical Atlantic are higher than those in the Northern Hemisphere (ozone paradox). We examine the causes ...

A detailed record of benthic foraminifera carbon isotopes from the intermediate-depth South East Atlantic margin shows little glacial-interglacial variability between MIS-12 to MIS-10, suggesting that Northern Atlantic deepwaters consistently penetrated to at least 30 S. Millennialscale increases in either the mass or flux of northern-sourced deepwaters over the core site occurred alongside red...

A detailed record of benthic foraminifera carbon isotopes from the intermediate-depth South East Atlantic margin shows little glacial-interglacial variability between MIS-12 to MIS-10, suggesting that Northern Atlantic deepwaters consistently penetrated to at least 30 S. Millennialscale increases in either the mass or flux of northern-sourced deepwaters over the core site occurred alongside red...