in this paper, we review novel techniques in the emerging field of spatiotemporal 4d pet imaging. we will discuss existing limitations in conventional dynamic pet imaging which involves independent reconstruction of dynamic pet datasets. various approaches that seek to attempt some or all of these limitations are reviewed in this work, including techniques that utilize iterative temporal smooth...

As a result of the increasing speed and magnitude in which habitats worldwide are experiencing environmental change, making accurate predictions of the effects of global change on ecosystems and the organisms that inhabit them have become an important goal for ecologists. Experimental and modelling approaches aimed at understanding the linkages between factors of global change and biotic respon...

One of the fundamental challenges of visual cognition is how our visual systems combine information about an object's features with its spatial location. A recent phenomenon related to object-location binding, the "spatial congruency bias," revealed that two objects are more likely to be perceived as having the same identity or features if they appear in the same spatial location, versus if the...

Purpose: It is essential to maintain dynamic stability during walking to perform daily tasks independently. The present study aimed at comparing the spatiotemporal parameters and the values of the vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) as well as determining the time to reach them in ankle-sprain coper and healthy athletes during the stance phase of gait. Methods: A total of 28 female universit...

One challenge in contemporary neuroscience is to achieve an integrated understanding of the large-scale brain-wide interactions, particularly the spatiotemporal patterns of neural activity that give rise to functions and behavior. At present, little is known about the spatiotemporal properties of long-range neuronal networks. We examined brain-wide neural activity patterns elicited by stimulati...

Our large-scale computational model of the primary visual cortex that incorporates orientation-specific, long-range couplings with slow NMDA conductances operates in a fluctuating dynamic state of intermittent desuppression (IDS), which captures the behavior of coherent spontaneous cortical activity, as revealed by in vivo optical imaging based on voltage-sensitive dyes. Here, we address the fu...

Recent studies have revealed that Ca(2+) not only regulates the contraction of cardiomyocytes, but can also function as a signaling agent to stimulate ATP production by the mitochondria. However, the spatiotemporal resolution of current experimental techniques limits our investigative capacity to understand this phenomenon. Here, we created a detailed three-dimensional (3D) cardiomyocyte model ...

Spatiotemporal stochastic resonance (STSR) is a phenomenon, where the stability of spatial patterns in an extended dynamical system displays a resonance-type dependence on the noise amplitude with the patterns being optimal at intermediate noise level. This dynamical behavior has been found in theoretical systems as well as in biochemical processes, where the noise level has been controlled ext...

In the present work, we investigate the nontrivial roles of independent Gaussian noise and time-delayed coupling on the synchronous dynamics and coherence property of Fitz Hugh-Nagumo neurons on small-world networks by numerical simulations. First, it is shown that an intermediate level of noise in the neuronal networks can optimally induce a temporal coherence state when the delay in the coupl...