Multicast routing is an effective way to establish the group communication when the same message or the same stream of data needs to be sent to multiple receivers. Multicast routing has attracted a lot of attention in group oriented computing due to supporting data transmission from a single source node to multiple destinations concurrently. The advantage of multicast routing lies in its capabi...

This study presents the first experimental evidence that singing can facilitate short-term paired-associate phrase learning in an unfamiliar language (Hungarian). Sixty adult participants were randomly assigned to one of three "listen-and-repeat" learning conditions: speaking, rhythmic speaking, or singing. Participants in the singing condition showed superior overall performance on a collectio...

This study investigated the effect of role play on improving speaking ability of Iranian pre-intermediate ESP learners. To this aim, the researchers examined the students’ speaking ability in two groups: the experimental and the control groups.24 males and femaleESPlearners at pre-intermediate level were selected by taking a pre-test. Then the participants of the current study were randomlydivi...

The present study aimed to define differences between silent and oral reading with respect to spatial and temporal eye movement parameters. Eye movements of 22 German-speaking adolescents (14 females; mean age = 13;6 years;months) were recorded while reading an age-appropriate text silently and orally. Preschool cognitive abilities were assessed at the participants' age of 5;7 (years;months) us...

In the present study, we examined the relation of knowledge of semantic radicals to students’ language proficiency and word reading for adult Chinese-as-a-foreign language students. Ninety-seven college students rated their proficiency in speaking, listening, reading, and writing in Chinese, and were administered measures of receptive and productive knowledge of semantic radical position and fu...

Discriminating speaking styles is an important issue in speech recognition, speaker recognition and speaker segmentation. This paper compares distance measures between Gaussian distributions for discriminating speaking styles. The Mahalanobis distance, the Bhattacharyya distance and the Kullback-Leibler divergence, which are in common use for a definition as a distance measure between Gaussian ...

In spontaneous conversational speech there is a large amount of variability due to accents, speaking styles and speaking rates (also known as the speaking mode) [3]. Because current recognition systems usually use only a relatively small number of pronunciation variants for the words in their dictionaries, the amount of variability that can be modeled is limited. Increasing the number of varian...

The relationship between music and language processing was explored in two perception experiments on the identification of musical notes and Mandarin tones. In the music task, Mandarin-speaking musicians were asked to identify musical notes of three timbres without a reference pitch. 72% of the musicians met the criterion for absolute pitch when an exact match was required, and 82% met the crit...

g n, arguing that it is organized as a dialectic of opposite cognitive modes, dialectic of gesture imagery and language. This dialectic is the key to the evocatio organization, and ultimate execution of meaningful actions shaped to take linguisti in discourse – imagery, as embodied in the gestures that accompany speech, and the categorical-sequential thinking of speech itself. Both modes are es...