The purpose of the present work is to calculate specific absorbed fractions using variance reduction techniques and assess the effectiveness of these techniques in improving the efficiency (i.e. reducing the statistical uncertainties) of simulation results in cases where the distance between the source and the target organs is large and/or the target organ is small. The variance reduction techn...

A positive association between deoxcholic acid (DCA) in the serum and colorectal adenomas, the precursors of colorectal cancer has recently been found, which supported the hypothesis of a pathogenic role of DCA in colonic carcinogenesis. This approach was based on the hypothesis that DCA formed in the colon is absorbed into the portal venous blood and exhibits a constant spillover to the system...

To estimate the time delay between the planetary temperature change and the change of the incoming solar radiation fraction absorbed by the ocean and the atmosphere, the analytical energy balance model is presented. The model generalization allows of using averaged data for model parameterization. Using the model, the time delay is investigated on four model cases of absorbed radiation change. ...

PURPOSE The aim of the study was the prediction of human intestinal permeability and fraction absorbed of oral dose using single-pass intestinal perfusion technique (SPIP) in rats. METHODS Permeability coefficients in anaesthetized rats were determined for 14 compounds. Drug solution in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) was perfused through a ingle-pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) with flow rat...

(c) regenerating liver48hoursafterresection of two-thirds of the organ, (d) Walker carcinoma and Yoshida sarcoma, both in solid form (10—@0 days after inoculation) and as ascites tumors (3—fl days after inoculation). Inorganic radioactive phosphate (Na@HP3@O4, specific activity above 1 mc/j@g P) is measurably taken up by the explants. Incorporation is in hibited by monoiodic acetic acid and...

In the large helical device (LHD), direct oblique launching of the extraordinary (X-) mode from the high magnetic field side is available without installation of any additional mirror or installation of a launcher in the inner side of the torus. The launched X-mode first encounters the electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) layer from the high magnetic field side and then approaches the upper hybri...

We have determined the cosmological evolution of the density of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and of their NH distribution as a function of the un–absorbed 2–10 keV luminosity up to redshift 4. We used the HELLAS2XMM sample combined with other published catalogs, yielding a total of 508 AGN. Our best fit is obtained with a luminosity-dependent density evolution (LDDE) model where low luminosity ...

Relationship between fraction of radiation absorbed by photosynthesizing maize and soybean canopies and NDVI from remotely sensed data taken at close range and from MODIS 250 m resolution data" a b s t r a c t a r t i c l e i n f o The fraction of incident photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the photosynthesizing tissue in a canopy (fAPAR) is a key variable in the assessment of vege...

this paper investigates axial compression process of multi-layered tubes with circular cross-section under the axial loading in the quasi-static condition using experimental method. some specimens are prepared in seven different groups, namely; empty carbon/epoxy composite tubes, solid carbon/epoxy composite rods, empty copper tubes, composite tubes with silicon sealant filler, concentrically s...