Monoclonal antibodies against cholera toxin were produced to obtain highly specific antisera to cholera toxin. Fifteen hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies specific for the determinants of cholera toxin were derived from the fusion of mouse myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with cholera toxin. The cell lines were stabilized, examined for specific antibody produc...

The synthesis and nature of the toxin of Clostridium botulinum type B were studied in growing cells. It was demonstrated that the toxin was synthesized in the latter stage of logarithmic growth and was released into the culture supernatant fluid during lysis of the cells. Studies were done on the sedimentation properties of intracellular toxin. Two components were demonstrated, one of low molec...

Previous work in our laboratory revealed that mice parenterally vaccinated with recombinantly attenuated staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) or toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 develop protective antibodies against a lethal intraperitoneal (i.p.) toxin challenge. This study investigated the efficacy of nasal and oral immunizations with an SEB vaccine (SEBv) toward an i.p. or mucosal (via an aerosol) to...

C1Q (Complement 1Q) is an important recognition molecule in the immunological complement system, which could also be putatively involved stress responses induced by endotoxins or exotoxins, potentially through detoxification processes. Marine bivalves are well adapted to highly complex aquatic environments with various stressors. As filter feeders, they have cope potent microalgae-derived neuro...

Clostridium perfringens is an important cause of bacterial food poisoning worldwide. The disease is caused by C. perfringens enterotoxin (CPE) encoded by cpe gene. The aim of this research was to identify the different types of C. perfringens and the presence of cpe gene in isolated bacteria from broilers’ meat marketed in retail meat shops of Mashha...

Pseudomonas exotoxin A enters mouse LM fibroblasts by receptor-mediated endocytosis and ultimately causes cell death. Here we present evidence for the existence of a specific receptor for the toxin. Toxin association with LM cells at 18 and 37 degrees C, but not at 4 degrees C, was highly specific. At 37 degrees C, the association increased with time, reaching a steady state by 5 h. Binding to ...