In his comprehensive overview of moral philosophy, The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), Adam Smith made a key contribution through the concept of the “impartial spectator”—an imagined third party who allows an individual to objectively judge the ethical status of his or her actions. Also called the “man within the breast,” the impartial spectator is a tool through which individuals divide the...

Semi inclusive Deep Inelastic Scattering (SIDIS) of leptons off nuclei can provide relevant information on: (i) possible modification of the nucleon structure function in medium (EMC-like effects), (ii) the relevance of exotic configurations at short NN distances; (iii) the mechanism of quark hadronization (see e.g. [ 1]). A process which attracted much interest from both the theoretical [ 2, 3...

The theoretical approach to the elastic scattering of a nucleon from a nucleus, pioneered by Watson [1], made familiar by Kerman, McManus, and Thaler (KMT) [2] and further developed as the spectator expansion [3, 4, 5, 6] is now being applied with striking success. In a similar vein, a slightly di erent approach to the multiple scattering expansion within the KMT framework is being pursued by t...

In 1998 and 1999, a series of experiments[1] was conducted at the GSI with the INDRA multidetector [2], using high-energy beams from the heavy-ion synchrotron SIS. A part of them was devoted to asymmetric systems like C+Au and C+Sn at bombarding energies ranging from 95 to 1800 AMeV. High resolution at backward angles, dominated by emissions from the target spectator, was achieved with the Si-S...

the purpose of this study was to examine various factors influencing spectators' attendance in professional soccer games in tehran. this research was a descriptive survey. the questionnaire used in this study was developed by green (1995), hansen and gauthier (1989), kaskey (1999), schofield (1983) and zhang et al. (1995) in order to examine factors affecting spectators' attendance in...

Abstract We study post-inflationary evolution in α -attractor T-models of inflation. consider the dynamics both scalar fields present these models: inflaton and spectator, as a negative field-space curvature may lead to geometrical destabilization spectator. perform state-of-the-art lattice simulations with dedicated numerical code optimized for those models. corroborate earlier findings that p...

A possible explanation of the apparent disrepency between the theoretical prediction and experimental measurement of the ratio of lifetimes τ (Λ b)/τ (B d) is that " spectator effects " , which appear at O(1/m 3 b) in the heavy quark expansion, contribute significantly. We investigate this possibility by computing the corresponding operator matrix elements in a lattice simulation. We find that ...

The entropy of hot nuclear Systems is deduced from the mass distribution of fragments emitted from high energy protonand nucleus-induced reactions via a quantum statistical model. It is found that the entropy per baryon, S / A , of intermediate rapidity ("participant") fragments is higher than the entropy of target rapidity ("spectator") fragments. The spectator fragments exhibit S / A values o...