Neuraxial analgesia in the form of an epidural or combined spinal is most common and popular technique used to control pain associated with labor vaginal delivery. has many advantages but also carry some inherent risk it.

Background and objective: Analgesia is of the main goals of anesthesiology. For this purpose, various medications and methods are used. One of these drugs is bupivacaine. Opioids such as sufentanil are used in spinal anesthesia in order to increase the duration of analgesia, reduce the complications, and improve the quality of anesthesia. The present study aimed to compare analgesia with or wit...

Background: Although various anesthetic techniques can be used in different kinds of surgeries, spinal anesthesia has received considerable attention for the lower abdomen and lower extremities surgeries and cesarean section. This study aimed at comparing the effect of adding epinephrine 1:1000 and 1:10000 to lidocaine and fentanyl in spinal anesthesia on the prolongation of paralysis, analgesi...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Various additives have been evaluated for the purpose of enhancing quality of analgesia and prolonging duration of spinal anesthesia. This randomized, double-blind study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous dexamethasone in spinal anesthesia. METHODS A total of sixty patients scheduled for lower segment cesarean section under spinal anesthesia were randoml...

EPIDURAL analgesia is most often used for postoperative pain relief, whereas it is no longer so commonly used for long-term treatment of pain from malignant diseases. For perioperative use, the epidural catheter is most frequently inserted before induction of anesthesia while the patient is awake, although there has recently been some debate as to whether regional techniques should or should no...