BACKGROUND Understanding the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain caused by damage to the peripheral nervous system remains challenging and could lead to significantly improved therapies. Disturbance of homeostasis not only occurs at the site of injury but also extends to the spinal cord and brain involving various types of cells. Emerging data implicate neuroimmune interaction in the init...

Activation of adenosine A1 receptors by endogenous adenosine or synthetic agonists produces anti-nociception in animal models of acute pain and also reduces hypersensitivity in models of inflammatory and nerve-injury pain. Allosteric adenosine modulators facilitate adenosine agonist binding to the A1 receptor. The purpose of the current study was to examine the effect, mechanisms of action, and...

Elucidation of the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain is expected to aid in the discovery and selection of effective therapeutic methods. Currently, microRNA (miRNA) is thought to play an important role in the development and maintenance of the nervous system. We, therefore, hypothesized that miRNAs are involved in neuropathic pain, and invest...

THERE is previous evidence suggesting that nerve injury-induced activation of N-methyhaspartate (NMDA) receptors might cause intracellular changes, providing a mechanism for chronic pain.' To test this hypothesis, we used an experimental model of neuropathy induced by spinal nerve ligation to investigate the preemptive effect of a noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist, MK801, on tactile allod...

BACKGROUND The participation of spinal P2X receptors in neuropathic pain is well recognized. However, the role of P2Y receptors has been less studied. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contribution of spinal P2Y6,11 receptors following peripheral nerve damage induced by spinal nerve ligation. In addition, we determined the expression of P2Y6,11 receptors in the dorsal spinal cord...

BACKGROUND Diluted bee venom (BV) is known to have anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects. We therefore assessed whether perineural bee venom pretreatment could attenuate the development of neuropathic pain in the spinal nerve ligation injured animal model. METHODS Neuropathic pain was surgically induced in 30 male Sprague Dawley rats by ligation of the L5 and L6 spinal nerves, with 1...

BACKGROUND It has been demonstrated that the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and apoptotic cell death in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) following spinal nerve constriction injury play a role in the initiation and continuation of hyperalgesia and allodynia. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of ethyl pyruvate (EP) on mechanical and cold allodynia, TNF-α expre...

The present study was performed on rats with experimental mononeuropathy induced by left common sciatic nerve loose ligation. Unilateral sciatic nerve loose ligation induced decreases of the hindpaw withdrawal latency to the hot-plate test, cold-plate test and the Randall Selitto test. Sciatic nerve loose ligation induced hyperesponsiveness to touch at room temperature also. Intrathecal adminis...

The aim of the present study was to investigate mechanism by which dexmedetomidine (DEX) alleviates neuropathic pain in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) model rats. A CCI rat established through sciatic nerve ligation. rats were treated with DEX, nuclear factor erythroid 2?related 2 (Nrf2) inhibitor ML385, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) antagonist MCC950 and/or NLRP3 activator ...