There can be many different reasons for lumbar spine instability to occur. Nevertheless, the most common reason is the natural degeneration of the spine. Instability of the vertebral column means that within the corresponding movement segment there might possibly be abnormal mobility. Long-term, the compensatory mechanisms of the spine cannot counteract this abnormal mobility. Over time, a defo...

OBJECTIVE Vertebral column variation is a common, often overlooked finding on traditional spine MRI. Standard localizers do not image the entire neuroaxis, masking variation. The purpose of this study was to use a subminute automated spine survey iterative scan technique (ASSIST) to evaluate 207 patients undergoing thoracic spine MRI. CONCLUSION We found variation in 7.7%, with 69% of these c...

Gunshot wounds to the spine cause severe neurological and/or internal organs damages. Although most of publications in the literature are realized on military injuries, increased civilian arming which raises civilian gunshot injuries is a new social danger causing serious health problems. In gunshot injuries to the spine; vertebral column, spinal cord and nerve roots are damaged with direct, in...

The intervertebral discs, located between adjacent vertebrae, are required for stability of the spine and distributing mechanical load throughout the vertebral column. All cell types located in the middle regions of the discs, called nuclei pulposi, are derived from the embryonic notochord. Recently, it was shown that the hedgehog signaling pathway plays an essential role during formation of nu...

study of the osteological development in fishes is important from fisheries, biology and aquaculture points of views. it can be used as an early bio-indicator of non-optimal rearing conditions. the caspian roach, rutilus caspicus is a native cyprinid fish of the caspian sea that its artificial propagation has fulfilled in hatcheries to recruit its natural stocks. hence, this study was conducted...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent findings suggest that diffusion-weighted imaging might be an important adjunct to the diagnostic workup of disease processes in the spine, but physiological motion and the challenging magnetic environment make it difficult to perform reliable quantitative diffusion measurements. Multi-section line scan diffusion imaging of the spine was implemented and evaluated to...

INTRODUCTION Orthodontic diagnosis includes the interpretation of the relations between the craniofacial and cervical system, given the potential impact of the irregularities from one system to another. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine morphological characteristics of the cervical spine, depending on the parameters of the vertical craniofacial growth and gender in adult subjects...

Objective: Laminectomy, the commonly used dorsal approach for the surgical removal of most of the pathologic lesions, situated in the spinal canal and the neuroforamen destroying the dorsal stabilizing structures of the spinal column. Retraction and detachment of the longitudinal muscles, removal of the vertebral arches (laminectomy), and injury of the joint capsules and ligaments are responsib...

Congenital anomalies are common in the vertebral column. Skeletal abnormalities at the cervical region may result in severe neck pain and sudden unexpected death. During the osteology demonstration of cervical vertebrae for the MBBS students, it was observed that one of axis vertebra is fused with the 3rd cervical hemivertebrae. Vertebral bodies, pedicle, lamina of C2 and C3 were fused on right...

Vertebral column degeneration is among the most common disorders. It causes significant losses due to worsening quality of life and work absenteeism. Because it also affects also people at production age it generates considerable direct and indirect costs. For instance, according to Rutkow in the USA, the yearly cost of treatment of this disorder in the 1980s was $ 16 billion [1]. Degeneration ...