The use of biological control products enhances the reduction harmful pressures on environment caused by conventional pesticides. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate toxicity eight bioinsecticides black cutworm Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) understand relationships between insecticide exposure and insect response at individual population levels. bioassay results showed ...

Laboratory and extended laboratory bioassays were conducted to determine the residual toxicities of various insecticides against two key pests of cranberries, Sparganothis sulfureana and Choristoneura parallela (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and their non-target effects on the predatory Orius insidiosus (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae). The effects of nine insecticides with different modes of action on S...

Spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii, is an invasive insect pest that has spread into many fruit production regions of the world. Strategies to protect fruit from infestation by this insect are currently dominated by insecticide applications, so producers need information on relative efficacy and residual activity of insecticides to be able to select effective treatments. Semi-field bioa...

Adult vial technique (AVt) and spray table bioassays were conducted to evaluate toxicity of selected insecticides against immature and adult thrips, Frankliniella spp. (thysanoptera: thripidae). In AVt, technical insecticides comprised of organophosphates (dicrotophos and methamidophos), spinosyn (spinosad) and neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam and imidacloprid) were used. the LC50 values for contac...

Oligomerization and macrocyclization reactions are key steps in the biosynthesis of many bioactive natural products. Important macrocycles include the antibiotic daptomycin (1; ref. 1), the immunosuppressant FK-506 (2; ref. 2), the anthelmintic avermectin B1a (3; ref. 3) and the insecticide spinosyn A (4; ref. 4); important oligomeric macrocycles include the siderophores enterobactin (5; ref. 5...

BACKGROUND Insecticide targets are often identified by mutations that confer resistance, but the intricacies of insecticide binding and downstream processes leading to insect death remain obscure. Mutations in α6-like nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit genes have been associated with high levels resistance spinosad many species, including Drosophila melanogaster. Here, we aimed expand our...

The addition of sucrose to insecticides targeting spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura), enhanced lethality in laboratory, semifield, and field tests. In the laboratory, 0.1% sucrose added to a spray solution enhanced spotted wing drosophila feeding. Flies died 120 min earlier when exposed to spinosad residues at label rates enhanced with sucrose. Added sucrose reduced the LC5...

Modern determination techniques for pesticides must yield identification quickly with high confidence for timely enforcement of tolerances. A protocol for the collection of liquid chromatography (LC) electrospray ionization (ESI)-quadruple linear ion trap (Q-LIT) mass spectrometry (MS) library spectra was developed. Following the protocol, an enhanced product ion (EPI) library of 240 pesticides...