Nowadays, many embedded processors include in their architecture on-chip static memories, so called scratch-pad memories (SPM). Compared to cache, these memories do not require complex control logic, thus resulting in increased efficiency both in silicon area and energy consumption. Last years, many papers have proposed algorithms to allocate memory segments in SPM in order to enhance its usage...

objective: evaluation activity was conducted using three spearmint genotypes (wg-spm-engl, spm-fran and spm-eas) and one standard check (wgsm-03) at wondo genet, awassa, debre zeit and allagae during 2012 and 2013 for two years. methods: the treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. data on leaf to stem ratio, leaf yield/ha, essential oil content and e...

The self-protecting multipath (SPM) is a simple and efficient endto-end protection switching mechanism for transport networks. It distributes the traffic of a demand between two nodes according to a specific load balancing function over several disjoint paths and redistributes it if one of them fails. The load balancing functions can be optimized so that backup capacity in the network is optima...

In the present study, the spermine (SPM) analogue N1N12-bis(ethyl)spermine (BESPM) is compared with SPM in its ability to regulate ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase (AdoMetDC) activities in intact L1210 cells and in the mechanism(s) by which this is accomplished. Unlike the comparable spermidine (SPD) analogue N1N8-bis(ethyl)spermidine, which regulates only...

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) mediates proliferation, functional activation, and apoptotic cell death depending on the target cell type. Although sphingomyelin (SPM) hydrolysis and ceramide generation may function as an important mediator in TNF alpha signaling, the molecular mechanisms of the signaling pathway(s) are still not well understood. The aim of the present study is to compa...

Glutathione S-transferases (GST) detoxify carcinogens in tobacco smoke, which plays a major role in development of not only squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) but also second primary malignancy (SPM) after index SCCHN. We hypothesized that GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, GSTP1 Ile(105)Val, and GSTP1 Ala(114)Val polymorphisms would individually and, more likely, collectively show an as...

In this paper we introduce the Bidimensional Sand Pile Model (BSPM), that is, a generalization of the Sand Pile Model (SPM) with the addition of a further dimension. The SPM and some related models have been studied in many different domains and they play an important role in the theory of discrete dynamical systems. They were considered in the context of integer lattices by Brylawski in 1973. ...

The identification of a fraction of cancer stem cells (CSCs) associated with resistance to chemotherapy in most solid tumors leads to the dogma that eliminating this fraction will cure cancer. Experimental data has challenged this simplistic and optimistic model. Opposite to the classical cancer stem cell model, we introduced the stemness phenotype model (SPM), which proposed that all glioma ce...

The antitumor activity of spicamycin analogue SPM VIII against human stomach, breast, lung, colon and esophageal cancers was compared to that of mitomycin C (MMC) in the human tumor-nude mice xenograft model. Comparative studies of SPM VIII given i.v. at 6 mg/kg/day daily for 5 days and MMC given i.v. at 6.7 mg/kg on day 1 revealed that the antitumor spectrum of SPM VIII showed a different patt...