background and objective: microscopic evaluation of cervicovaginal smears (pap smear) plays an essential role in detection of preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of uterine cervix. a wide spectrum of changes is seen in pap smears. interpretation of intermediate changes which resulting in observation of so- called ascus is difficult. ascus is defined as a cellular change that is more marked tha...

recurrent bacterial meningitis is not a common disease and makes physicians seek underlying predisposing factors which can result from anatomic anomalies or immunodeficiency. in this paper we present a boy with recurrent bacterial meningitis with the history of trauma and sensorineural hearing loss. mondini dysplasia was demonstrated with computed homographic scans (ct-scan) of temporal bones.

ectodermal dysplasia is a hereditary disorder associated with abnormal development of embryonic ectodermally-derived organs including teeth, nails, hair and sweat glands. hypodontia of the primary and permanent dentition is the most common oral finding. therefore, affected patients need dental prosthetic treatments during their developmental years. this report presents two cases of children aff...

a 29- year old female with bone pain and history of precocious puberty was referred for bone scintigraphy. on physical examination café au lait macular spots were noted on her neck, buttocks and left leg. bone scan showed multiple areas of intense increased activity which was in favour of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. considering the presence of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious pubert...

purpose: to determine the prevalence of various types of conjunctival lesions, at a tertiary ophthalmic center in fars province, south of iran. methods: histopathologic slides and medical records of conjunctival lesions submitted to the pathology department of khalili hospital, shiraz, iran was reviewed from april, 2009 to july, 2013. the histopathologic diagnoses were categorized into benign, ...

background: the association between adenomatous polyps and malignancy has an important role in patient screening and follow up after polypectomy. due to less attraction towards the segmental resection, colonoscopic evaluation of malignancy has found its utmost importance role. polyp size and morphology have dictated the potential of malignancy in prior studies, however, in recent decade some au...

introduction: dentin dysplasia is a rare autosomal dominant inheriting disturbance of dentin formation characterized by normal enamel formation, but atypical dentin with abnormal pulpal morphology. there are two major patterns: type i and type ii. amelogenesis imperfecta is an autosomal dominant. x-link inherent disease that is classified by clinical manifestation into hypoplastic, hypomature, ...

Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare benign placental abnormality. It is characterized by hydropic degeneration of stem villi, placentomegaly, and increased maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein(AFP). It can be associated with different congenital abnormalities, karyotype abnormalities, and feto-maternal morbidities. It is difficult to differentiate PMDfrom partial mole, complete mole wit...

Background: Although the imbalance of cytokines in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC) is well known, there is scarce data regarding its occurrence during dysplasia, before the malignant transformation. Objective: To determine whether laryngeal dysplasia patients show a different cytokine profile than patients with cancer and healthy controls. Methods: Seventeen newly diagnosed, untre...