The standard cosmological model predicts the existence of a cosmic neutrino background (CνB) with a present density of about nν + nν̄ ≃ 110 cm per flavour, which affects big-bang nucleosynthesis (BBN), cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, and the evolution of large scale structures (LSS). We report on a precision calculation of the CνB properties including the modification introduced ...

introduction: quality of health services is the rate of achievement to the most desirable resultants of health, so that provided services are effective, efficient, and affordable. thus, quality evaluation can be an important source of information for recognition of problems and favorable plans in provision of treatment services. method: in this cross-sectional study, criteria of quality in hosp...