Background: Conceptualising the Borderline candidate is one of most difficult tasks in standard setting. However, it also central to process. Here we set out develop a methodology by which score borderline candidates can be retrospectively calculated from Facility index (the percentage items answered correctly) assessment items. Methods: We explored performance all an academic year UK medi...

Standard-setting organizations (SSOs) establish goal-directed networks for innovators to jointly shape technology and markets through standards. The degree which this can succeed depends a large extent on network characteristics, may differ substantially between SSOs. Many technological fields face intense competition Choosing the right one is thus key strategic decision innovators. Simultaneou...

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Setting a new standard for kinetochores T o really understand how a biological structure works, we need to know not just which, but also how many, molecules are present in it. For kine-tochores—the structures that link centro-meric DNA to spindle microtubules— protein components have been tallied by comparing the fluorescence of GFP-tagged kinetochore proteins to fl uorescent versions of the ce...

In recent years accounting researchers have identified “political” lobbying as a problem for accounting standard setting. This paper presents a simple game-theoretic analysis of the political process to identify situations where companies have incentives to lobby the political principal instead of participating in the usual due process of accounting standard setting. Analysis of the model sugge...

The role of institutions in mediating the use of intellectual property rights has long been neglected in debates over the economics of intellectual property. In a path-breaking work, Rob Merges studied what he calls "collective rights organizations," industry groups that collect intellectual property rights from owners and license them as a package. Merges finds that these organizations ease so...