There have been concerted world wide efforts to develop steels suitable for use in efficient fossil fired power plants. Ferritic alloys containing between 9 and 12 wt-% chromium are seen as the most promising materials in this respect, especially for thick walled components such as headers and the main steam pipe in boilers. However, the performance of the improved steels has often not been rea...

When drinking a cup of coffee under the morning sunshine, you may notice white membranes of steam floating on the surface of the hot water. They stay notably close to the surface and appear to almost stick to it. Although the membranes whiffle because of the air flow of rising steam, peculiarly fast splitting events occasionally occur. They resemble cracking to open slits approximately 1 mm wid...

Introduction It is critical for power plants to continuously monitor corrosive ionic impurities in various plant water streams, such as cooling waters, boiler waters, feed waters, and steam condensates. The presence of impurities above a specified concentration can result in stress-corrosion cracking and other corrosion mechanisms, and therefore have a significant negative impact on power gener...

This review paper examines mechanisms controlling IGSCC in selected LWR components. Emphasis is placed on identifying material microstructures and microchemistries which promote susceptibility to premature failure. Two important examples are evaluated in some detail: stainless steel pipe cracking and primary-side SCC of alloy 600 steam generator tubing. In each case, grain boundary segregation ...

The production and consumption of natural gas is on the rise throughout the world as a result of its wide availability, ease of transportation, use and clean-burning characteristics. The chief use of ethane is in the chemical industry in the production of Ethene (ethylene) by steam cracking. In this simulation, obtained ethane recovery percent based on Gas sub-cooled process (GSP) is 99.9 by mo...

Ni-YSZ anode supported solid oxide fuel cells (ASCs) were tested under various simulated syngas. There was no voltage degradation of the cell operated on 41%H2-7%CH4-6%CO-11%CO2-35%H2O fuel condition for nearly 450 hours. However, the high vapor content reduced the open circuit voltage (OCV) and discharge voltage. The cells run steadily with most dry syngas until the simulated reforming tempera...

The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in the oil obtained at pyrolysis of Jordan oil shale in a fluidised-bed reactor in the atmosphere of nitrogen and nitrogen/steam has been investigated. The final pyrolysis temperature was 520 °C, at which the maximum oil yield was established. The derived oils were fractionated into chemical classes using mini-column liquid chromatography f...

In order to determine the potential benefits and limitations of aluminide coatings, coatings made by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on Feand Ni-base alloy substrates are being evaluated in various hightemperature environments. Testing of coatings on representative ferritic (Fe-9Cr-1Mo) and austenitic (type 304L stainless steel) alloys has found that high frequency thermal cycling (1h cycle tim...

A new method for feedstock reconstruction of industrially important hydrocarbon fractions is developed using as input the analytically determined ommercial indices such as the average molecular weight, the specific density, theH/C-ratio, the paraffin, isoparaffin, olefins, naphthenes, aromatics PIONA) weight fractions and a set of ASTM boiling points. The method is based on Shannon’s entropy cr...