This paper presents entropy generation minimisation model of combined heat and power system. The turbine control valves and heater throttle valves were analysed. The high-pressure control valves regulate the mass flow rate of steam into the turbine, whereas the intermediate-pressure and lowpressure control valves the steam pressure of the turbine extracts 3 and 5. The steam of the turbine extra...

PDS (Process Diagnosis System) is an expert system shell developed in the early 1980's. It could handle thousands of sensor inputs and produce thousands of diagnostic messages with confidence factors based on complex logic designed to mimic the thinking of human experts. PDS went into commercial operation in 1985 to monitor seven power plant generators from a centralized diagnostic center at We...

This paper describes two steam turbine governor valve failures in the same installation, the troubleshooting that determined the root cause, and the new valve designed to prevent similar failures. The original governor valve design had been used successfully for many years in large multistage, multivalve steam turbines, but apparently was not reliable at the high steam pressures employed today....

Nowadays, managers in charge of every process plant are looking for areas where moderate changes in the process or equipment can yield a return of increased throughput and reliability. The approach employed for the ammonia plant discussed in this case study is to consolidate the diverse controls for major process compressors, steam turbine prime movers, and associated pressure reducing valves. ...

The use of abradable and rub tolerant polymer seals to reduce leakage between rotating and stationary members in centrifugal compressors and steam turbines has increased over the years. Abradable materials such as mica-filled tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), nickel graphite, and aluminum alloy containing silicon/polyester are the most commonly used and have gained acceptance in the marketplace. This ...