The theoretical model to compute the long-term stress of simply supported steel-concrete composite beam was deduced. The model includes the effects of steel bars in concrete slab, concrete shrinkage and creep. The computed results agreed well with the test results. On this basis, the effects of factors such as concrete age to loading, longitudinal reinforcement ratio in concrete slab, concrete ...

As an economic and safe structure, Bi-steel is widely used in reinforced concrete with less consumption of steel. In this paper, III Bi-steel concrete beam has been analyzed. Through careful observation and theoretical analysis, the new calculating formulae for structural rigidity and crack have been formulated for this Bi-steel concrete beam. And structural rigidity and the crack features have...

This paper presents the development and experimental validation of a multi-hazard bridge pier concept, i.e., a bridge pier system capable of providing an adequate level of protection against collapse under seismic and blast loading. A multi-column pier-bent with concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns is the proposed concept, and the adequacy of this system is experimentally and analytically ...

The sections composed of concrete and steel, which include concrete-encased concrete-filled tubes, generally have defects due to the low tensile strength of concrete. Therefore, an appropriate method was used for the combination of concrete-filled tubes (CFT) and prestressing strands which is encased in concrete. The conventional design guidelines are commonly developed for materials with norma...