Recycling is extremely important for steelmaking. In developed countries, about 60% of steel is manufactured from scrap. The scrap contains 0.5% of zinc in average, and this percentage steadily increases. During the steelmaking process both in basic oxygen furnaces (BOF) and in electric arc furnaces (EAF), all volatile zinc is released and forms airborne particles of dust. About 20 kg of dust i...

The ceramic fiber business of Shinnikka Thermal Ceramics Corporation began in March 1984 when its Sakai Works (then Nippon Steel Chemical Sakai Works) started production of ceramic fibers after several years of preparatory arrangements. The continuous reheating furnace having all-ceramic fiber lining, high thermal efficiency and low thermal inertia that was adopted for the plate mill (put into ...

In secondary steelmaking, the refining operation is typically carried out in a metallurgical ladle that is commonly furnished with gas injection facilities. Since gas injection plays an intrinsic role in determining the efficiency of secondary steelmaking and thus the quality of final products, a great volume of work has been conducted mostly utilizing air-water systems at room temperature. Des...

The present paper introduces the steel production and BOF slag processing techniques in Steelmaking Sector of Bayuquan Iron and Steel Subsidiary, Ansteel. The technology of slag tailings utilization has been developed under the consideration of the properties of slag tailing and the characteristics of slag forming in BOF steelmaking operation practice. The processing of the BOF slag includes ho...

The development of optimization models for planning and scheduling is one of the most useful tools for improving productivity of a large number of manufacturing companies. This paper presents a mixed-integer programming model for scheduling steelmaking-continuous casting production. We first review the recent works in continuous casting planning. We focus on a model inspired from an application...

During the converter steelmaking process, gas-slag-metal three-phase emulsification is realized by injecting gas to complete metallurgical tasks such as slagging, dephosphorization, decarburization, and heating. As green intelligent development of steel industry progresses, injection technology also constantly innovating. In this review, types applications top blowing elements, bottom medium ar...

The creation of a market for steel produced by less carbon-intensive production processes, here called ‘green steel’, has been identified as means supporting the introduction breakthrough emission reduction technologies into production. However, numerous details remain under-explored, including exactly what ‘green’ entails in context steelmaking, likely competitiveness green products domestic a...