BACKGROUND For planning effective and well-targeted initiatives to reduce stigma, we need to identify which factors are associated with stigmatizing of people with mental disorders. AIMS This study examined how well a combination of variables predicts stigmatizing attitudes and discrimination in a general population. METHODS A survey questionnaire was sent to 10,000 persons aged 15-80 years...

Objectives: The incidence of stereotyped behaviors is one of the major symptoms of diagnosis of individuals with autism spectrum disorder that causes disruption in daily life. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of ball exercises on the reduction of stereotypical behavior of children with autism spectrum disorder. Methods: In this study, 16 children (boys) with autism spectrum dis...

Zellweger syndrome (ZS) is a peroxisomal disorder with a multiple congenital anomalies, characterized by stereotypical facies, profound hypotonia, organ involvement including cerebral, retinal, hepatic, and renal. Herein, a 3-month-old female with ZS is presented who was referred because of increased liver enzymes (subclinical hepatitis), which was detected in work-up of her neck cyst, severe h...

Gender analysis of video games has increased its public visibility through the Gamergate controversy. We examine several casual art games in order to explore the diversity of both conventional and counter-stereotypical gender representations. We find significant reliance on stereotypical presentations, especially in ‘sketchy wife’ characters. Such tropes may offer rhetorical resources to commun...

Although there have been examples of counter-stereotypical programming, such as The Cosby Show, it can reasonably be argued that television still frequently portrays Blacks in a stereotypical manner (Dates & Barlow, 1990; Evuleocha & Ugbah, 1989; Graves, 1993). Dates and Barlow (1990), for example, have reported that Blacks are often portrayed as less competent than Whites and have less “seriou...

Studies that monitor attention in depicted event scenes during utterance comprehension show that people prefer to rely on depicted events rather than their stereotypical knowledge. However, the presence of depicted events in the scene may have exaggerated their importance. Two eye-tracking experiments examined this issue by varying the accessibility of scene information. When we varied the visu...

Changes in the UK electricity market mean that domestic users will be required to modify their usage behaviour in order that supplies can be maintained. Clustering allows usage profiles collected at the household level to be clustered into groups and assigned a stereotypical profile which can be used to target marketing campaigns. Fuzzy C Means clustering extends this by allowing each household...