With increased awareness that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can persist beyond childhood, pharmacological treatment options for adults have expanded. Short-acting stimulants continue to be the first-line approach, demonstrating clinical efficacy and few adverse events in well-controlled trials, with long-acting stimulants also showing promise. Atomoxetine has also been reporte...

The physiological processes involved in parturition (i.e., labor, delivery, and birth) require a complex interplay of hormonal action, neuronal activity, and uterine smooth muscle contraction. During the first two trimesters of pregnancy, the uterus remains in a relatively quiescent state, demonstrating little or no contraction of the myometrium.This inactivity is largely the result of the inhi...

29 29 GENERIC NAME PAGE Amphetamine 350 Caffeine 351 Doxapram 349 Fenfluramine 351 Methamphetamine 350 Methylphenidate 350 Modafenil 351 GENERIC NAME PAGE Pemoline 350 Pentylenetetrazol 349 Sibutramine 351 Phentermine 351 Theobromine 351 Theophylline 351 Central nervous system (CNS) stimulation is the primary action of a diverse group of pharmacological agents and an adverse effect associated w...

Prescription stimulant abuse has dramatically increased over the past 10 years, but the amount of research regarding college students and illicit prescription stimulant use is still very limited. This has important implications for college mental health professionals and higher education administrators. In this comprehensive literature review the author explores factors contributing to illicit ...

Among the different classes of banned substances, stimulants represent the second largest class of use in sports. The article focuses on the description of the four mainly abused stimulants: caffeine, ephedrine, amphetamines and cocaine, their pharmacological structure and mechanisms of action, their effects and consequences on athletic performance. As athletes represent role models for healthy...

advances in understanding the neurobiology of addiction to stimulants, has made it possible for researchers to identify medicines effective in initiation of treatment and prevention of stimulants relapse, based on pharmacological effects of various medicine. some of these medicine and vaccines have brought promising results in clinical trials on cocaine dependent patients. studies regarding met...

P demonstrated stimulants are the mainstay of treatment in Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with effect sizes of 0.8-1.1 (Pliszka & AACAP Work Group on Quality Issues, 2007). Stimulants have been used since the 30s. They are very effective and generally very safe. Yet, parents are usually reluctant to put their kids on stimulants for a multitude of concerns. Sorely, inadequate ps...

An experiment was conducted on “Production of Chilli Crop under Prayagraj Agro Climatic Conditions: Role Bio Stimulants as plant growth regulators” to observed the effect bio stimulants parameters. The objective study is effects different doses and its role in growth, yield quality Chili variety TMPH-409. laid randomized block design with 13 treatments 3 replications combination bio-stimulants....

In this chapter we consider the neuropsychopharmacology of ADHD in general and dopamine and the stimulants more specifically. Attention will be given to the various neurotransmitter theories for ADHD. We will consider the theoretical mechanisms of actions for the various medicines used to treat ADHD. We will look at how the stimulants, although often assumed to be similar, actually show evidenc...

Stimulants have, in their own ways, played a leading role shaping today’s globalised world. Their world-shaping power stems from double role: as “agents” that stimulate bodies, and things “rouse incite” capital. In this issue of Commodity Frontiers, contributions center on the histories presents some stimulant crops sites processes cultivation, expansion, transformations. Contributors variously...