BACKGROUND We previously reported an association between infant wheezing and residence < 100 m from stop-and-go bus and truck traffic. The use of a proximity model, however, may lead to exposure misclassification. OBJECTIVE Results obtained from a land use regression (LUR) model of exposure to truck and bus traffic are compared with those obtained with a proximity model. The estimates derived...

We consider an optimal-velocity car-following model with reaction-time delay of drivers, where the characteristics of the drivers change according to a suitably calibrated random walk. In the absence of this stochasticity we find stable and almost stable oscillations that correspond to stop-and-go traffic jams that eventually merge or disperse. We study how the distribution of the merging times...

The ability to suddenly stop a planned movement or a movement being performed and restart it after a short interval is an important mechanism that allows appropriate behavior in response to contextual or environmental changes. However, performing such stop-and-restart movements smoothly is difficult at times. We investigated performance (response time) of stop-and-restart movements using a go/s...

Editor's Note: These short, critical reviews of recent papers in the Journal, written exclusively by graduate students or postdoctoral fellows, are intended to summarize the important findings of the paper and provide additional insight and commentary. For more information on the format and purpose of the Journal Club, please see The countermanding or stop-signal task involves making a response...

&lt;p style='text-indent:20px;'&gt;This paper investigates the mathematical modeling and stability of multi-lane traffic in microscopic scale, studying a model based on two interaction terms. To do this we propose simple lane changing conditions study steady states starting from one-lane case extending results to generic with careful design rules. We compare numerical tests, that confirm predic...

We have experimentally observed uphill solitary waves in the surface flow on a granular material. A heap is constructed by injecting sand between two vertical glass plates separated by a distance much larger than the average grain size, with an open boundary. As the heap reaches the open boundary, solitary fluctuations appear on the flowing layer and move "up the hill" (i.e., against the direct...

We present an advanced interpolation method for estimating smooth spatiotemporal profiles for local highway traffic variables such as flow, speed and density. The method is based on stationary detector data as typically collected by traffic control centres, and may be augmented by floating car data or other traffic information. The resulting profiles display transitions between free and congest...

Traffic waves are phenomena that emerge when the vehicular density exceeds a critical threshold. Considering the presence of increasingly automated vehicles in the traffic stream, a number of research activities have focused on the influence of automated vehicles on the bulk traffic flow. In the present article, we demonstrate experimentally that intelligent control of an autonomous vehicle is ...