Mechanisms of coliphage transport and fate in the presence and absence of manure suspension were studied in saturated column experiments. In the presence of manure suspension, little inactivation of indigenous somatic coliphage occurred and the transport was controlled by deposition. The deposition followed a power law distribution with depth, and the magnitude increased with decreasing sand si...

Computer model experiments are applied to analyze hypoxia reductions for opposing wind directions under various speeds and durations in the north–south oriented, two-layer-circulated Chesapeake estuary. Wind’s role in destratification is the main mechanism in short-term reduction of hypoxia. Hypoxia can also be reduced by wind-enhanced estuarine circulation associated with winds that have down-...

AIM To investigate tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) position and shape using ultrasound (US) and correlate the findings to outcome. MATERIAL AND METHODS The results of TVT surgery were investigated in 72 women with urodynamic stress urinary incontinence. The main outcome parameters were US tape position in relation to the urethra and dynamic changes in TVT shape at rest and during straining. ...

The pelvic floor musculature plays an important role in behaviors such as defecation, micturition, mating behavior, and vomiting. A recent positron emission tomography (PET) study revealed that structures belonging to the emotional motor system are involved in the control of the pelvic floor during micturition. However, there also exist brain structures involved in the voluntary motor control o...

Graphene has many promising physical properties. It has been discovered that local strain in a graphene sheet can alter its conducting properties and transport gaps. It is of great importance to develop scalable strain engineering techniques to control the local strains in graphene and understand the limit of the strains. Here, we present a scalable manufacturing process to generate three-dimen...

Energy consumption attributed to electronic devices in the typical U.S. home has more than doubled since 1980 and is expected to continue to grow at a rate nearly double the forecasted growth rate for residential electricity end use. The breadth of these devices also grows continuously, driven by technological innovation designed to meet surging consumer demand and changing lifestyles. While th...

Theoretical works suggest the possibility and usefulness of strain engineering of graphene by predicting remarkable properties, such as Dirac cone merging, bandgap opening and pseudo magnetic field generation. However, most of these predictions have not yet been confirmed because it is experimentally difficult to control the magnitude and type (e.g., uniaxial, biaxial, and so forth) of strain i...