Developing a mathematical model has become an inevitable need in studies of all disciplines. With advancements technology, there is emerging to develop complex models. System identification popular way constructing models highly processes when analytical not feasible. One the many architectures system utilize Local Model Network (LMN). Hierarchical Tree (HILOMOT) iterative LMN training algorith...

Likewise in rodents, after complete spinal cord injury (SCI) the lower motor neuron (LMN) denervated human muscle fibers lose completely the myofibrillar apparatus and the coil distribution of myonuclei that are relocated in groups (nuclear clumps) in the center of severely atrophic muscle fibers. Up to two years of LMN denervation the muscle fibers with nuclear clumps are very seldom, but in t...

Two extensions of the Linial, Mansour, Nisan AC0 learning algorithm are presented. The LMN method works when input examples are drawn uniformly. The new algorithms improve on theirs by performing well when given inputs drawn from unknown, mutually independent distributions. A variant of the one of the algorithms is conjectured to work in an even broader setting.

To embed modularity (i.e. to perform a local and encapsulated computation) into neural networks (NN) leads to many advantages. Hence, the development of a general model of modular neural networks (MNN) will enable a broader use of Neural Networks (NN). However, some important issues remain to be solved to enable a systematic use of MNN. In a practical point of view, the most important matter co...

Almost every real process exhibits nonlinear behavior in a full operating range. Local Model Networks are networks which are composed of locally accurate models, where output is interpolated by smooth locally active validity functions. This divide-and-conquer strategy is a general way of coping with complex systems. The architecture of LMN benefits from being able to incorporate a priori knowle...

IMPORTANCE TAR DNA-binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) plays a major role in the pathogenesis of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Although a pathological continuity between FTLD and ALS has been suggested, the neuropathological changes of the lower motor neuron (LMN) systems have not been assessed in TDP-43-associated FTLD (FTLD-TDP), to our knowl...

Human intestinal flora comprises thousands of bacterial species. Growth and composition of intestinal microbiota is dependent on various parameters, including immune mechanisms, dietary factors and intestinal motility. Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently display neurogenic bowel dysfunction due to the absence of central nervous system control over the gastrointestinal system. Cons...

BACKGROUND Limited information is available about prognostic factors for recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) to the L4-S3 segments. Previous research suggests that L4-S3 SCI does not have a worse prognosis than T3-L3 SCI. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To elucidate prognostic factors for regaining urinary continence and ambulation in dogs with L4-S3 SCI and compare prognosis to T3-L3 SCI. ANIMAL...

Muscle pathology in lower motor neuron paraplegia and h-b FES After complete Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), causing complete disconnection between the muscle fibers and the nervous system, the denervated muscles become unexcitable with commercial electrical stimulators within several months and undergo severe atrophy and disorganization of contractile apparatus after 1-3 years. Years after the injur...

OBJECTIVE To define the syndrome of primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) and disorders that contain features of both ALS and PLS, to determine the time beyond which PLS is less likely to become ALS clinically, and to determine the outcome of people with PLS and those who develop lower motor neuron (LMN) signs. METHODS The authors reviewed the records of all 39 patients initially diagnosed with PLS...