Background: Habitat characteristics can vary over small spatial scales at which gene flow is expected to swamp any effect of divergent natural selection. However, fine-grained (‘microgeographic’) adaptive divergence may still be feasible if individuals exhibit dispersal behaviours that improve the match between their phenotype and habitat. For example, threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus acule...

Glacier retreat is a worldwide phenomenon with important consequences for the hydrological cycle and downstream ecosystem structure and functioning. To determine the effects of glacier retreat on aquatic communities, we conducted a 4-year flow manipulation in a tropical glacier-fed stream. Compared with an adjacent reference stream, meltwater flow reduction induces significant changes in benthi...

This paper describes the effects of induced magnetic field and partial slip on the peristaltic flow of a couple stress fluids in an asymmetric channel. The two dimensional equation of couple stress fluid are simplified by making the assumptions of long wave length and low Reynolds number. The exact solutions of reduced momentum equation and magnetic force function have been computed in wave...

Designing and manufacturing the multiple jets simulator and experimental investigation of the multiple jets in crossflow at low velocity ratios have been studied Together with design and build a low-speed wind tunnel. A specific rake is used to determine the flow field pressure and changes in static pressure measured by pressure taps in the near field of the jets. There are generally three regi...

In this study, the missile staging process by implementing a side-injected jet is simulated numerically. The problem is considered to be axisymmetric and the thin shear layer approximation of Navier-Stokes equations along with an algebraic turbulence model is used in a quasi-static form for the calculations. The free stream corresponds to a very high altitude flight condition with a Mach number...

Stream surfaces are a well-studied and widely used tool for the visualization of 3D flow fields. Usually, stream surface seeding is carried out manually in time-consuming trial and error procedures. Only recently automatic selection methods were proposed. Local methods support the selection of a set of stream surfaces, but, contrary to global selection methods, they evaluate only the quality of...

In this paper we have studied the effect of free convection on the heat transfer and flow through variable porous medium which is bounded by two vertical parallel porous plates. In this study it is assume that free stream velocity oscillates with time about a constant mean. Periodic temperature is considered in the moving plate. Effect of different parameters on mean flow velocity, Transient ve...

The study of interactions of jet into cross flow at different longitudinal and transverse angles of jet was studied. The following components were designed and constructed: a low velocity wind tunnel to produce the uniform flow, a flat plate with a traverse injection system to simulate the jet injection, and a spatial rake to measure the total pressure. The tests were carried out at longitudina...