The physics of the unstable E-region plasma is based on the modified two stream, or Farley-Buneman, and the gradient drift instabilities. The theory combines both mechanisms into a single dispersion relation which applies for the directly generated short-scale plasma waves, known as type 1 irregularities. In the absence of a plasma gradient it is only the two stream mechanism acting which favor...

Recent evidence from leaves and stems indicates that gradients in water potential (psi(w)) necessary for water movement through growing tissues are larger than previously assumed. Because growth is sensitive to tissue psi(w) and the behavior of these gradients has not been investigated in transpiring plants, we examined the water status of all the growing and mature vegetative tissues of maize ...

study of tectonic affects in many fluvial systems shows that, rivers are valuable tools to active tectonics surveying. study of stream channels and their associated deposits offset by faulting may reveal the amount displacement at particular site and give information that is critical for future earthquake hazards evaluation. study area which is a subbasin of atrak river is located at the ne ira...

1. Due to the hierarchical organization of stream networks, land use changes occurring at larger spatial scales (i.e. the catchment) can affect physical, chemical and biological characteristics at lower spatial scales, ultimately altering stream structure and function. Anthropogenic effects on streams have primarily been documented using structural metrics such as water chemistry, channel alter...

Stochastic-approximation gradient methods are attractive for large-scale convex optimization because they offer inexpensive iterations. They are especially popular in data-fitting and machine-learning applications where the data arrives in a continuous stream, or it is necessary to minimize large sums of functions. It is known that by appropriately decreasing the variance of the error at each i...

We separated isoenzymes of creatine kinase by anion-exchange chromatography, with use of an elution of gradient containing lithium acetate (0.1 to 0.6 mol/L). A stream splitter was used to divert a 5% side stream of column effluent, which was subsequently mixed with the reagents necessary for bioluminescence assay of the separated isoenzymes. The use of the stream splitter greatly decreased the...

Catchment science has long held that the chemistry of small streams reflects the landscapes they drain. However, understanding the contribution of different landscape units to stream chemistry remains a challenge which frequently limits our understanding of export dynamics. For limiting nutrients such as nitrogen (N), an implicit assumption is that themost spatially extensive landscape units (e...

We present a simple approach to the topological analysis of divergencefree 2D vector fields using discrete Morse theory. We make use of the fact that the point-wise perpendicular vector field can be interpreted as the gradient of the stream function. The topology of the divergence-free vector field is thereby encoded in the topology of a gradient vector field. We can therefore apply a formulati...

tectonic processes are major factors controlling landform development in tectonically active areas. in order to evaluate quantitative measurement of tectonic activities in the alamarvdasht basin in the south of iran, six different morphological indices including stream-gradient index (sl), drainage basin asymmetry (af), hypsometric integral (hi), valley floor width-valley height ratio (vf), dra...