Competitive fighting was obtained in pairs of like-sexed laboratory rats by placing a single piece of food into the food hopper following 48 hr. of food deprivation. The fighting was characterized by offensive sideways posture, full aggressive posture, and bite and kick attack. Tests were conducted at 110-120 days of age on pairs of animals that had been housed together since weaning. Fighting ...

Cybercrime is becoming ever more serious. Findings from the 2002 Computer Crime and Security Survey show an upward trend that demonstrates a need for a timely review of existing approaches to fighting this new phenomenon in the information age. In this paper, we define different types of cybercrime and review previous research and current status of fighting cybercrime in different countries tha...

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A pioneer in the early identification of drug resistance in tuberculosis patients, Sir John Crofton and his colleagues' seminal research into multidrug therapy for tuberculosis patients in the 1950s laid the groundwork for the WHO-recommended tuberculosis treatment today. This is one of the last interviews he gave before he passed away on 3 November at the age of 97, after a career that spanned...

The shapes of sexually selected weapons differ widely among species, but the drivers of this diversity remain poorly understood. Existing explanations suggest weapon shapes reflect structural adaptations to different fighting styles, yet explicit tests of this hypothesis are lacking. We constructed finite element models of the horns of different rhinoceros beetle species to test whether functio...

PURPOSE We hypothesize that adolescents' exposure to violence and personal victimization will be associated with the frequency with which they engage in fighting behaviors. However, adolescents who are future-oriented and goal-directed and from more secure families are hypothesized to report less fighting behavior. METHODS A cross-sectional, anonymous survey was administered to 225 youths (ma...

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of boar presence on aggression, shoulder scratches, and salivary cortisol in group-housed sows during the period after mixing, which is when dominance hierarchies are formed. A total of 225 York-shire sows were used. Five groups of 15 sows were each exposed to 1 of 3 levels of boar presence (n = 15): physical (boar in pen with sows; 2.15 ...

BACKGROUND Physical fighting is an assaultive behaviour that can lead to injury. Family affluence is a health determinant that can influence injury. This study examines the relationship between family affluence and two outcomes: physical fighting and fighting-related injury in Canadian adolescents. Three measurements were used to represent family affluence and assess whether these measures demo...