Let $R$ be an associative ring with unity. An element $x \in R$ is called $\mathbb{Z}G$-clean if $x=e+r$, where $e$ is an idempotent and $r$ is a $\mathbb{Z}G$-regular element in $R$. A ring $R$ is called $\mathbb{Z}G$-clean if every element of $R$ is $\mathbb{Z}G$-clean. In this paper, we show that in an abelian $\mathbb{Z}G$-regular ring $R$, the $Nil(R)$ is a two-sided ideal of $R$ and $\fra...

This article concerns commutative factor rings for ideals contained in the center. A ring $R$ is called CIFC if $R/I$ some proper ideal $I$ of with $I\subseteq Z(R)$, where $Z(R)$ center $R$. We prove that (i) a $R$, $W(R)$ contains all nilpotent elements (hence Köthe's conjecture holds $R$) and $R/W(R)$ reduced ring; (ii) strongly bounded $R/N_*(R)$ $0\neq N_*(R)\subseteq (resp., $N_*(R)$) Wed...

In this paper, we propose an efficient and practical authenticated key exchange (AKE) protocol from ideal lattices, which is well-designed and has some similarity to the HMQV protocol. Using the hardness of the graded discrete logarithm (GDL) problem and graded decisional Diffie-Hellman (GCDH) problem, the proposed protocol is provably secure in the extended Canetti-Krawczyk model.

Recently many researchers have worked on problems connected with various graded algebras associated to an ideal I in a local ring R. Two algebras in particular have received the most attention: the associated graded algebra of Z, gr,( R) = R/Z@ Z/Z’@ ... , and the Rees algebra of Z, defined to be R[Zt]. Brodmann [2] and Goto and Shimoda [9] have studied the local cohomology of R[Zr] for certain...

We analyze 3D numerical simulations of driven incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence in a periodic box threaded by a moderately strong external magnetic field. We find that the time scale for the energy cascade is consistent with the Goldreich-Sridhar model of strong MHD turbulence. Using higher order longitudinal structure functions we show that the turbulent motions in the plane ...

We introduce the notions of T-dual Rickart and strongly T-dual Rickart modules. We provide several characterizations and investigate properties of each of these concepts. It is shown that every free (resp. finitely generated free) $R$-module is T-dual Rickart if and only if $overline{Z}^2(R)$ is a  direct summand of $R$ and End$(overline{Z}^2(R))$ is a semisimple (resp. regular) ring. It is sho...

We introduce the notion of reset left regular decomposition of an ideal regular language and we prove that the category formed by these decompositions with certain morphisms is equivalent to the category of strongly connected synchronizing automata. We show that each ideal regular language has at least a reset left regular decomposition. As a consequence, each ideal regular language is the set ...

Non-ideal multifrequency cloaking of dielectric cylinders is expected to be realizable by using singlelayer coating shells, which are made of isotropic homogeneous dispersive materials. In the present paper, scattering on the coated cylinders is studied for the Drude–Lorentz materials with frequency dependent permittivity and permeability. The exploited physical mechanism is based on the Fabry–...

A set X ⊆ R is strongly meager if for every measure zero set H, X + H = R. Let SM denote the collection of strongly meager sets. We show that assuming CH, SM is not an ideal.