Humans have been running for millions of years, but the modern running shoe was not invented until the 1970s. However, in the span of just 4 decades, this novel type of footwear with a heavily cushioned, elevated heel; arch support; and a stiffened midsole (“traditional shoe”) has altered running biomechanics and changed the way people run. Investigators contend that because of this shift to tr...

Airborne light detection and ranging (LIDAR) measurements derived before and after Hurricanes Katrina and Wilma (2005) were used to quantify the impact of hurricanes and lightning strikes on the mangrove forest at two sites in Everglades National Park (ENP). Analysis of LIDAR measurements covering 61 and 68 ha areas of mangrove forest at the Shark River and Broad River sites showed that the pro...

Electronic supplementary material is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2014.2663 or via http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org. & 2015 The Authors. Published by the Royal Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, which permits unrestricted use, provided the original author and source are credited. Enalikter aphson ...

Hammering with a hand tool appears early in life. Skillful hammering involves accommodating movements to properties of the hammer, orienting the hammer's head to the item to be struck, and maintaining stable posture during forceful action with the arm(s). We aimed to characterize development of these abilities in young children (12, 18, and 24 months old). Children struck at a peg with a hammer...

In the last twenty years, countries throughout the world have experienced severe bouts of financial instability. Banking crises have become so common that it is the rare country that has not experienced one, while full-scale financial crises have struck some economies with devastating effects. Financial instability, although a particularly severe problem for emerging-market countries which suff...

In the United States there are few available data regarding real world minor rear aligned crashes with struck vehicle delta-V less than 15 km/h. This study analyzed 98 such crashes in the US involving 258 occupants. Mean struck vehicle delta-V and acceleration were 6.4 km/h and 1.4 g, respectively. Within five weeks post-crash, 105 struck vehicle occupants had 695 ICD-9-CM diagnoses and 399 AIS...

Remote operation of continuous mining machines has enhanced the health and safety of underground miners in many respects; however, numerous fatal and non-fatal continuous miner struck-by accidents have occurred. In an effort to prevent these injuries, NIOSH researchers at Pittsburgh Research Laboratory studied the workplace relationships between continuous miner operators and various tramming t...

OBJECTIVE to compare the frequency and the severity of diagnosed injuries between pedestrians struck by motor vehicles and victims of other blunt trauma mechanisms. METHODS retrospective analysis of data from the Trauma Registry, including adult blunt trauma patients admitted from 2008 to 2010. We reviewed the mechanism of trauma, vital signs on admission and the injuries identified. Severity...