OBJECTIVES To identify structural connectivity change occurring during the first 6 months after traumatic brain injury and to evaluate the utility of diffusion tensor tractography for predicting long-term outcome. METHODS The participants were 28 patients with mild to severe traumatic axonal injury and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects. Neuroimaging was obtained 0-9 days postin...

CONTEXT Schizophrenia remains a highly disabling disorder, but the specific determinants and pathways that lead to functional impairment are not well understood. It is not known whether these key determinants of outcome lie on 1 or multiple pathways. OBJECTIVE To evaluate theoretically based models of pathways to functional outcome starting with early visual perception. The intervening variable...

The objective of many scientific studies is to evaluate the effect of a treatment on an outcome of interest ceteris paribus. Instrumental variables (IVs) serve as an experimental handle, independent of potential outcomes and potential treatment status and affecting potential outcomes only through potential treatment status. We propose marginal and nested structural models using IVs, in the spir...

Nuchal translucency (NT) measurement between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation is an undisputed marker for aneuploidies. When conventional karyotyping is normal, enlarged NT is a strong marker for adverse pregnancy outcome, associated with miscarriage, intrauterine death, congenital heart defects, and numerous other structural defects and genetic syndromes. The risk of adverse outcome is proportional ...

Sufficient cause interactions concern cases in which there is a particular causal mechanism for some outcome that requires the presence of 2 or more specific causes to operate. Empirical conditions have been derived to test for sufficient cause interactions. However, when regression outcome models are used to control for confounding variables in tests for sufficient cause interactions, the outc...

transient hypogammaglobulinemia (thi) of infancy is a common primary immunodeficiency usually resolves by 3 years of age. in this study, clinical, immunological data and outcome of 101 retrospectively diagnosed thi patients were evaluated. majority of them suffered from recurrent respiratory infections (70.3%). initial igg, igm and iga levels were 446.7±121.5, 67.5±32.8, and 25.6±16.8 mg/dl, re...

abstract   background: parosteal osteosarcoma is rare low-grade malignancy which arises on the surface of the metaphysis of long bones it has a low propensity to metastasize. different surgical treatment options including marginal resection, wide resection and amputation were recommended for the tumor. the purpose of the study was to assess the results of different surgical treatment of the les...

purpose: to evaluate the visual outcomes of lasik in myopic eyes. methods: this interventional case series was performed on records of 345 eyes of 179 patients for correcting myopia with astigmatism < 3.00 diopter (d). all patients were operated by one surgeon (h.n.) with the nidek ec 5000 excimer laser. all patients had at least one year follow up. based on preoperative refraction, patients we...

the prevalence of physical violence during pregnancy varies widely in different societies. to assess the incidence of self-reported physical, emotional and sexual violence in pregnancy and describe the association with maternal complication and birth outcomes, 3275 women who gave birth to live-born infants from october 2002 to november 2003 were assessed for self-reported violence in postpartum...