Stylistics is the proper study of literature. We mean this in several senses. Firstly, it is fit and apt. It is special and specialised. It is delineated by rules and principles, and by reasonable, open and honest argument. And for the evaluative sense of ‘proper’, we also do mean to suggest that it is ethically superior to other, non-stylistic forms of literary study. We insist that any approa...

My favourite Borges fable is that of Pierre Menard, the man who wanted to rewrite Don Quixote. Menard’s ambition, Borges recounts in his dry parody of literary criticism, was not merely to reproduce Cervantes’s work, but to do so spontaneously: to (re)write the Quixote not by a labour of research, nor by somehow mystically channeling the original author, but as an act of original creativity. By...

quintet novel “cities of salt” is considered as a turning point in arabic story-writing literature. in this novel under the influence by story- writing modern stream, munif (1933-2004) has tried to create neology and innovation in some story artistic elements by being committed to some of arab story- writing principles. he tries in this novel to follow russian structuralists, particularly mikha...

“malakoot” story (literally celestial kingdom), the only novel written by bahram sadeghi, is one of the memorial work that has been witten under the influence of “boof-e-koor” story (literally blind owl) written by sadegh hedayat by a distinctive style and during a specific period of time. aside from unique content of this story, form and structure of this work are also remarkable and marvelous...

painting and art criticism are based on two different semiotic systems. the expression in painting is basically visual and in criticism is verbal. on the other hand, all expression is linguistic, that is expression and comprehension in all semiotic systems is basically linguistic. the art criticism, then, is situated between two poles: visual signs and verbal signs. it has as function to reorga...

Alejandro Portes and Alejandro Rivas examine how young immigrants are adapting to life in the United States. They begin by noting the existence of two distinct pan-ethnic populations: Asian Americans, who tend to be the offspring of high-human-capital migrants, and Hispanics, many of whose parents are manual workers. Vast differences in each, both in human capital origins and in their reception...

The aim of this chapter is to sketch a classification of elicitation methods in semantics based on an analysis of the sources of evidence semanticists can draw on and the principal components of any elicitation.* As part of a general empiricist turn that has been slowly but inexorably changing the cognitive sciences for the last couple of decades, linguists working in the classical core areas o...

Cognitive-learning theories hold a unique place in history: they explore the depths of the mind from the perspective of process. This paper discusses the history of cognitive-learning theories and how they grew to shape the way one perceives, organizes, stores, and retrieves information. The paper, after providing a definition and synopsis of cognitive theory and its basic concepts, turns to th...

A sequence of nodes in a syntax tree, each the head of the next, is usually called a projection path, or simply a projection. Projections in this sense are fairly basic phrase-structural entities, though hardly of central importance in most accounts. There are a few exceptions. For example, varieties of projection that I called c-projection and s-projection were significant in my earlier work o...

This research article makes a Post-Structuralist study of seven of Wilfred Owen’s war poems: these are 'Futility", "Dulce et Decorum est", "Disabled", "Exposure", "The Show", and "Mental Cases”. Believing in the Post-Structuralist fact that language is not static but perpetually in process, and that the texts are plural, open to number of interpretations, this article makes an analysis of Owen'...