Current EPA emission factors (AP42) for styrene emissions from the production of polyester-resin-reinforced plastic products represent a composite of spraying and post-spraying emissions (from curing molds) from shower stall/bathtub manufacturing plants that use compressed-air-powered spray guns to apply catalyzed styrene resins to prepared molds. Because each step of manufacture (gel coating, ...

4-chloromethyl styrene homopolymer and its copolymers with styrene were prepared from their corresponding 4-chloromethyl styrene and styrene monomers at 1:0, 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 mole ratios. these homo- and copolymerswere synthesized by radical polymerization in presence of aibn as initiator and dry toluene as solvent. then, chloromethyl groups were converted into azidomethyl groups on the homo- a...

Six male subjects were exposed for two hours during light physical exercise to 2.81 mmol/m3 (293 mg/m3) of styrene on one occasion and to a mixture of 2.89 mmol/m3 (301 mg/m3) of styrene and 21.3 mmol/m3 (1240 mg/m3) of acetone on another (combination study). About 68% of the dose (somewhat more than 4 mmol) of styrene was taken up. The arterial blood concentration of styrene reached a relative...

OBJECTIVE To review the epidemiologic literature on styrene and cancer. METHODS We reviewed studies of workers exposed to styrene in manufacturing and polymerization, in the reinforced plastics industry, and in styrene-butadiene rubber production. We also reviewed studies of workers monitored for styrene exposure, studies of environmental exposure, community-based case-control studies of lymp...

The effects of different carbon sources on expression of the styrene catabolism genes in Pseudomonas fluorescens ST were analyzed by using a promoter probe vector, pPR9TT, which contains transcription terminators upstream and downstream of the beta-galactosidase reporter system. Expression of the promoter of the stySR operon, which codes for the styrene two-component regulatory system, was foun...

Here we evaluate the influence of individual genetic polymorphisms of drug-metabolizing enzymes as well as body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption) on urinary metabolites after occupational exposure to styrene. Seventy-three workers exposed to styrene in a reinforced-plastics workplace were studied. The personal styrene exposure in the air and the urinary styrene metab...

We are the first to report allosterism during styrene oxidation by recombinant CYP2E1 and human liver microsomes. At low styrene concentrations, oxidation is inefficient because of weak binding to CYP2E1 (K(s) = 830 μM). A second styrene molecule then binds CYP2E1 with higher affinity (K(ss) = 110 μM) and significantly improves oxidation to achieve a k(cat) of 6.3 nmol · min(-1) · nmol CYP2E1(-...

Styrene is widely used with significant human exposure, particularly in the reinforced plastics industry. In mice it is both hepatotoxic and pneumotoxic, and this toxicity is generally thought to be associated with its metabolism to styrene oxide. Styrene causes lung tumors in mice but not in rats. The question is how the tumorigenic effect in mouse lung may relate to the human. This review exa...

AIM This study presents temporal trends of styrene exposure for workers in the European glass fibre-reinforced plastics (GRP) industry during the period 1966-2002. METHODS Data of personal styrene exposure measurements were retrieved from reports, databases and peer-reviewed papers. Only sources with descriptive statistics of personal measurements were accepted. The styrene exposure data cove...