Anal fissure is an ischemic ulcer that occurs in anoderm and it has no obvious etiology and pathophysiology in current medicine. Anal fissure has a profound history in Persian and Persian medicine and wallflower (Erysimum cheiri (L.) Crantz) has been a common medication in this case. Traditional oil and/or dilute decoction of wallflower has been introduced as an effective topical medic...

Background: The expression ‘topical fluoride treatment’ refers to methods that provide a high concentration of exposed tooth surfaces for local protective effect. most popular topical agents are toothpastes (dentifrices), mouthrinses, gels and varnishes contain fluoride. These may be used separately or in combination. Topical application will simple but important procedure is nominated by denta...

social health is important to be assessed as a dimension of health. the aim of study was to determine domains and sub-domains of individual social health of iranians.this study was carried out with a qualitative approach, using thematic content analysis. twenty five experts participated in interviews, using individual semi-structured interviews between november 2010 and june 2011.this data supp...

Background: There is unprecedented increase in the processing and packaging of many plant materials into food supplements, herbal medicine, skincare and cosmetic products for human needs. Baphia nitida is used for topical skincare products. Toluene, a toxic aromatic solvent, is increasingly being used in the production of these skincare and cosmetic products in many industries. This study ass...

Summarizing and analyzing Twitter content is an important and challenging task. In this paper, we propose to extract topical keyphrases as one way to summarize Twitter. We propose a context-sensitive topical PageRank method for keyword ranking and a probabilistic scoring function that considers both relevance and interestingness of keyphrases for keyphrase ranking. We evaluate our proposed meth...

Local anaesthesia for eye surgery is usually safe, but serious complications may sometimes occur. Sharp-needle blocks (retrobulbar or peribulbar) can potentially cause blindness or even death. Sub-Tenon's blocks, using a blunt-ended cannula, appear to be much safer. However, they can also cause serious complications. Sharp-needle techniques (retrobulbar and peribulbar injections) These appear t...

niosomes are non-ionic surfactant vesicles that have potential applications in the delivery of hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. the topical form of n-acetyl glucosamine (nag) recently has been considered in the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders due to its inhibitory effect on thyrosinase enzymes in melanocytes. to improve nag penetration into the skin we formulated the drug in niosomes...

pterygium is characterized by an elastic degeneration of the conjunctiva that extends across the limbos and invades the cornea. the recurrence rate is varied from 25-80% after primary closure to 6% with free conjunctival and iimbal grafts. several adjunctive therapies have been investigated for recurrent pte¬rygium. this article presents a 52-year-old athletic man who was seen for evaluation of...