According to current models of retrovirus infection, receptor binding to the surface subunit (SU) of the envelope glycoprotein (Env) triggers a conformational change in the transmembrane subunit (TM) that mediates virus fusion to cell membranes. To understand how this occurs, we investigated the role of the receptor Tva in avian leukosis virus-A (ALV-A) infection. We find that Tva binding induc...

Transaction value analysis (TVA) integrates the concepts of resource heterogeneity and transaction cost economics into a single framework, which emphasizes both value creation and value claiming in firms’ vertical integration decisions. Using a TVA perspective, we develop hypotheses to explain the firm’s intent to outsource application services. A sample of 178 firms in the publishing and print...

Abstract There are two different modal logics: the logic T assuming contingency and K = logical determinism. In paper, I show that Aristotelian treatise On Interpretation (???? ?????????, De Interpretatione ) has introduced some modal-logical relationships which correspond to . this logic, it is supposed there contingent events. The N?g?rjunian ??vara-kart?tva-nir?k?ti?-vi??o?-ekakart?tva-nir?k...

Previously, we have demonstrated that bridge proteins comprised of avian leukosis virus (ALV) receptors fused to epidermal growth factor (EGF) can be used to selectively target retroviral vectors with ALV envelope proteins to cells expressing EGF receptors. To determine whether another type of ligand incorporated into an ALV receptor-containing bridge protein can also function to target retrovi...

During the planning phase of an experiment, we must identify threats to validity in order to assess their impact over the analyzed data. Furthermore, actions to address these threats must be defined, if possible, so that we can minimize their impact over the experiment’s results. In this paper, we propose the Threats to Validity Assistant (TVA), which is a tool to assist novice researchers in i...

Psychophysical studies have identified two distinct limitations of visual attention capacity: processing speed and apprehension span. Using a simple test, these cognitive factors can be analyzed by Bundesen's Theory of Visual Attention (TVA). The method has strong specificity and sensitivity, and measurements are highly reliable. As the method is theoretically founded, it also has high validity...

The aim of this human intervention study was to evaluate the Delta9-desaturation of trans-11-18 : 1 (trans-vaccenic acid; tVA) to cis-9,trans-11-18 : 2 (c9,t11 conjugated linoleic acid; CLA) and of trans-12-18 : 1 (t12) to cis-9,trans-12-18 : 2 after a short-term (7 d) and a long-term (42 d) supplementation period. The conversion rates of both trans-18 : 1 isomers were estimated by lipid analys...

The aim of the present study was to produce transgenic mice expressing tumor virus A (TVA) in the ovary under ovarian specific promoter 1 (OSP1) control. A transgenic mouse model was established in which TVA, an avian retroviral receptor gene driven by OSP1, was selectively expressed in the ovary. A recombinant plasmid containing TVA cDNA and an OSP1 promoter was constructed. The DNA fragment w...