Soluble guidance cues can direct cellular protrusion and migration by modulating adhesion and cytoskeletal dynamics. Actin filaments (F-actins) polymerize at the leading edge of motile cells and depolymerize proximally [1, 2]; this, together with myosin II activity, induces retrograde flow of F-actins [3-5]. It has been proposed that the traction forces underlying cellular motility may be regul...

High quality factor (Q approximately 3.4 x 10(6)) microdisk resonators are demonstrated in a Si(3)N(4) on SiO(2) platform at 652-660 nm with integrated in-plane coupling waveguides. Critical coupling to several radial modes is demonstrated using a rib-like structure with a thin Si(3)N(4) layer at the air-substrate interface to improve the coupling.

Coupling between chemical reactions and transport phenomena can cause the substrate concentration at the surface of a membrane to be lower on the substrate-rich side than the substrate-lean side. Thus, the diffusing flux inside the membrane may be counter to the overall external concentration driving force. Graphical solutions of various steady states of such membranes are presented.

Pd-catalyzed, site-selective mono-cross-coupling of substrates with two identical halo groups is a useful method for synthesizing substituted monohalogenated arenes. Such arenes constitute an important class of compounds, which are commonly identified as drug components and synthetic intermediates. Traditionally, these site-selective reactions have been realized in a “substrate-controlled” mann...