Release of cytokines, growth factors and other life-essential molecules from precursors by a-disintegrin-and-metalloproteases (ADAMs) is regulated with high substrate-specificity. We hypothesized that this is achieved by cleavage-regulatory intracellular-domain (ICD)-modifications of the precursors. We show here that cleavage-stimuli-induced specific ICD-modifications cause structural substrate...

SHIP2, OCRL, and INPP5B belong to inositol polyphosphate 5-phophatase subfamilies involved in insulin regulation and Lowes syndrome. The structural basis for membrane recognition, substrate specificity, and regulation of inositol polyphosphate 5-phophatases is still poorly understood. We determined the crystal structures of human SHIP2, OCRL, and INPP5B, the latter in complex with phosphoinosit...

It has become increasingly apparent that substrate metabolism is subject to gender-specific regulation, and the aim of this review is to outline the available evidence of molecular gender differences in glucose and lipid metabolism of skeletal muscle. Female sex has been suggested to have a favorable effect on glucose homeostasis, and the available evidence from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clam...

The transient behavior of a continuous culture of Klebsiella pneumoniae with mixed feed of glucose and xylose arising from step-up and step-down in dilution rates and from a feed-switching experiment is presented. he organism gradually switches from simultaneous utilization of the substrates at low growth rates to preferred utilization of the faster substrate (i.e, supporting a higher growth ra...

Natural tissues and extracellular matrices (ECMs) are not purely elastic materials but exhibit dissipative properties. Although it has recently emerged as a novel regulator of cellular responses, the contribution material dissipation to guiding cell-fate decisions is still in its infancy. Here, strategy for tuning rate viscoplastic substrates while precisely regulating linear elasticity reporte...