introduction: the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combined intratympanic and systemic steroid therapy compared with systemic steroid therapy alone in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (issnhl) patients with poor prognostic factors.     materials and methods: seventy-seven patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ssnhl) who had at least one poor prognostic fa...

OBJECTIVE We developed a simulated driving environment for studying neural correlates of emergency braking in diversified driving situations. We further investigated to what extent these neural correlates can be used to detect a participant's braking intention prior to the behavioral response. APPROACH We measured electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic signals during simulated dr...

BACKGROUND Identification of infants at risk for sudden arrhythmic death remains one of the leading challenges of modern medicine. We present a family in which a common polymorphism (single nucleotide polymorphism) inherited from the father, combined with a stop codon mutation inherited from the mother (both asymptomatic), led to 2 cases of sudden infant death. METHODS AND RESULTS KCNQ1, KCNH...

A study has been made of the effect of sudden intense flashes of ultraviolet light, acting on a wide variety of cells and tissues, with special reference to stimulation. The flashes are obtained by a high voltage condenser discharge through a quartz mercury vapor sterilamp, using the method of Rentschler. The lethal effect of a single such discharge is widespread among unicellular organisms. Me...

Emerging market economies, which have much of their growth ahead of them, either run or should run persistent current account deficits in order to smooth consumption intertemporally. The counterpart of these deficits is their dependence on capital inflows, wliich can suddenly stop. We make two contributions in this paper: First, we develop a quantitative global-equilibrium model of sadden stops...

This paper shows that the quantitative predictions of an equilibrium asset-pricing model with financial frictions are consistent with key features of the Sudden Stop phenomenon. Foreign traders incur costs in trading assets with domestic agents, and a collateral constraint limits external debt to a fraction of the market value of domestic equity holdings. When this constraint does not bind, sta...

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expresse...

Issues around research ethics and the reproducibility of research are impacting the credibility of science. Firstly, we look at what is to be understand by research ethics, misconduct, and reproducibility. Next, we examine some examples of fraud, beautification, and failed reproducibility. Next, we address the causes and possible resolutions, culminating in the question whether the scholarly li...

International portfolio flows converge in the medium run to a country-specific, supply-side estimate of their natural level. Our level capital flows, KF*, has impressive out-of-sample empirical features, greatly improves our ability model notoriously volatile and performs well against in-sample filtering techniques. Further, gap between actual inflows KF* helps predict sudden stop episodes, equ...

Lack of commitment at the time auction to repayment imminently maturing debt can generate a run on and immediate default. We show that same lack leads other possible self-fulfilling crises, including issuance more depressed prices, or “sudden stop” (forced austerity) in which is sharply curtailed. Both outcomes stem from government's incentive eliminate uncertainty about imminent payments by al...