As has been known for many years (see, e.g., K. Mahler, /. Reine Angew. Math., v. 166, 1932, pp. 118-150), a real or complex number f is transcendental if and only if the following condition is satisfied. To every positive number co there exists a positive integer n and an infinite sequence of distinct polynomials {p,(z)} = {pr + pr z + • • • + p z } at most of 0 1 n degree n with integral coef...

A closed subspace M in a Banach space X is called t/-proximinal if it satisfies: (1 + p)S n (S + M) ç S + e(pXS n M), for some positive valued function t(p), p > 0, and e(p) -» 0 as p -> 0, where 5 is the closed unit ball of X. One of the important properties of this class of subspaces is that the metric projections are continuous. We show that many interesting subspaces are (/-proximinal, for ...

Additively separable functions on RN are of the form I;= 1 Ui(Xi). These functions have the obvious property that they are completely separable. That is, the induced orders on the (N 1)-dimensional sets {(x,, . . . , xN): xi0 = c} are independent of c. A natural question is whether the opposite is also true, that is, whether complete separability of a function V implies additive separability. D...

The notion of key privacy for encryption schemes was defined formally by Bellare, Boldyreva, Desai and Pointcheval in Asiacrypt 2001. This notion seems useful in settings where anonymity is important. In this short note we describe a (very simple) sufficient condition for key privacy. In a nutshell, a scheme that provides data privacy is guaranteed to provide also key privacy if the distributio...

The interaction of two isotropic turbulent fields of equal integral scale but different kinetic energy generates the simplest kind of inhomogeneous turbulent field. In this paper we present a numerical experiment where two time decaying isotropic fields of kinetic energies E1 and E2 initially match over a narrow region. Within this region the kinetic energy varies as a hyperbolic tangent. The f...

In an important step forward Maskin (1977) showed that two properties −Monotonicity and No Veto Power − form a sufficient condition for Nash implementation when conjoinet. In contrast to the vast literature that followed, this characterization has two big advantages: First, it is often easy to verify, and second, it has an elegant and simple interpretation. However, there does not exist a simil...

A Hamiltonian path is a spanning path in a graph i.e. a path through every vertex. In this paper we present an interesting sufficient condition for a graph to possess a Hamiltonian path. In particular we prove that the degree sum of all pairwise nonadjacent vertex-triples is greater than 1/2(3n 5) implies that the graph has a Hamiltonian path, where n is the number of vertices of that graph. Al...

This paper examines the possibility for two contestants to agree on a peace settlement thereby avoiding a contest, in which each would exert a costly effort given the posterior distributions inferred from the negotiation. I find a necessary and sufficient condition of the prior distributions for there to exist a negotiation mechanism that admits a peace-ensuring perfect Bayesian equilibrium. Th...