In North Sulawesi has been known a very potential crop for yielding bio ethanol, is palm crop. Palm crops more productive than cane in yielding sugar and biofuel per hectare. Its productivity about 4 8 times compared to cane, and its sugar rendement 14%, while cane only 7%. Based on this research were obtained the tapping process should be conducted by unique sequential steps in order to reach ...

uring the 1980s, crisphead lettuce, butterhead lettuce, and spinach crops in western Oregon (Fig. 1) became increasingly damaged by beet western yellows luteovirus (BWYV) (5,8) infection (15), a previously insignificant problem in this area. Utilizing double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DASELISA) methodology (2), we identified potential BWYV inoculum sources in vicinitie...

This study aimed at analysing patterns of crop sequences over time throughout the German federal state of Lower Saxony from 2005 to 2012. Therefore, the IACS (Integrated Administration and Control System) data was analysed for the identification of spatial and temporal pattern of crops grown on farmer’s fields. Lower Saxony is a region where maize growing had a steep increase and, therefore, wa...

The reproduction of a Wyoming population of Heterodera schachtii was determined for resistant trap crop radish (Raphanus sativus) and mustard (Sinapis alba) cultivars, and resistant and susceptible sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) cultivars in a greenhouse (21 degrees C/16 degrees C) and a growth chamber study (25 degrees C). Oil radish cultivars also were field tested in 2000 and 2001. In the greenh...

Bioethanol has been introduced in large scale in Brazil, the US and some European countries and is projected to be one of the dominating renewable biofuels in the transportation sector within the coming 20 years. At present bioethanol is produced almost solely from either sugar – or starch-based raw materials (e.g, cane sugar, corn, wheat etc) often called first generation (1G) bioethanol. Howe...

sugar beet is one of the main crops in iranthat provides primary materials for sugar industries and so, its economic aspects are very important. one of these aspects is employment; it has begged to draw policy maker attentions. nevertheless, there hasnot been any survey study on this matter in iranyet. in this study, the current value of labor use in sugar beet cultivation (direct employment) i...

In the relatively short time since their commercial introduction in 1996, genetically modified (GM) crops have been rapidly adopted in the United States GM crops are regulated through a coordinated framework developed in 1992 and administered by three agencies-the US Department of Agriculture (USDA) that ensures the products are safe to grow, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that ensur...

Fibrous green crops can be separated by mechanical methods into two fractions: a highquality fibrous feedstuff for ruminants and a liquid rich in protein, sugars and minerals for non-ruminants. The yields of crude protein (CP) (nitrogenx6.~5) which can be obtained from grasses and legume crops are substantially greater than for other methods of crop or animal production (Davys, 1973) (Table I),...

Whether or not to require labeling of food produced from crops that are genetically modified (GM) using recombinant DNA technology is a key issue in the ongoing debate over the risks and benefits of using biotechnology in agriculture. The U.S. government regulates GM food technologies, but once GM crops are approved they are considered to be ‘substantially equivalent’ to their conventional coun...

The global cultivation area of genetically modified plants (GMPs) includ ing soybean, maize, cotton, canola (oilseed rape) and sugar beet has been increasing consistently since they were first cultivated commercially in 1996, reaching 160 million hectares (ha) in 2011 [1]. By 2011, the global area of planted insectresistant crops was 66 million ha. The rapid adoption of insect-resistant crops i...